日光温室番茄稀植多干技术应用效果分析  

Application Effect Analysis of Tomato Sparse Planting Density and Multi-Stems Technology in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：陈鹏宇 陈登龙 宋佳佳 张雨翔 王越 温祥珍[1] 李亚灵[1] CHEN Pengyu;CHEN Denglong;SONG Jiajia;ZHANG Yuxiang;WANG Yue;WEN Xiangzhen;LI Yaling(College of Horticulture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第1期54-62,共9页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221001-1);科技部高端外国专家引进计划(G2021004010L)。

摘　　要：传统番茄栽培用苗量大、定植用工多,通过利用番茄侧枝易发的特点,采用稀植多干技术,可为实现省苗、劳动轻简化提供一种途径。研究以番茄普罗旺斯为试材,在保证每公顷内枝条数一定的条件下,设置单干整枝(T1)、双干整枝(T2)、三干整枝(T3)、四干整枝(T4)共4个处理,探究其对番茄成本投入、植株生长及产量动态变化的影响。结果表明,采用稀植多干技术(T4)相比于传统单干整枝(T1),最多可以节约种苗22 174株/hm^(2),节约74.87%的生产成本;T2、T3、T4处理单株地下部生物量分别达到25.53、35.04、60.83 g,分别较T1处理高61.68%、121.91%、285.24%,表明根系能够满足较多枝条生长发育,且T3处理根冠比显著低于其他处理,低的根冠比促进地上部同化物的积累及产量形成,使采收集中,有利于降低劳动成本;单干整枝(T1)上市期较早,且早期产量高,T2、T3、T4处理前期产量分别比T1处理低30.24%、45.69%、59.00%,T1处理提前收益56 733.33元/hm^(2),T3处理中期产量分别比T1、T2、T4处理高21.93%、21.19%、15.96%,且T3处理总产量为38 734.03 kg/hm^(2),与T1处理产量和效益相近。故稀植多干技术可用于日光温室番茄生产。Traditional tomato cultivation uses a large amount of seedlings and a lot of labor for planting,by taking advantage of one of the characteristics of tomato“side branches easily growing”,and using sparse planting density and multi-stems technology provides a way to save seedlings and simplify labor.In this experiment,tomato Provence was used as the test material,and under the condition of ensuring a certain number of branches per hectare,four treatments were set up for single stem pruning(T1),double stem pruning(T2),three stem pruning(T3),and four stem pruning(T4),and the influence of the treatmnts on the dynamic changes of tomato cost input,plant growth,and yield was explored.The results showed that compared with the traditional single stem pruning(T1),the use of sparse planting and multi-stems technology(T4) could save up to 22 174 plant/ha and save 74.87%of the production cost.The underground biomass of a single plant treated with T2,T3,and T4 reached 25.53,35.04,60.83 g,respectively,which were 61.68%,121.91%,and 285.24%higher than that of those treated with T1,indicating that the root system could meet the growth and development of more branches,and the root-to-head ratio of T3 treatment was significantly lower than that of other treatments,and the low root-to-head ratio promoted the accumulation and yield formation of aboveground assimilation,and the concentration of harvest and collection,which was conducive to reducing labor costs during.The tomato of T1 came into the market early and had high yield in the early stage.The early yield of T2,T3,and T4 was30.24%,45.69%and 59.00%lower than that of T1,the early income of T1 was 56 733.33 yuan/ha,the mid-term yield of T3treatment was 21.93%,21.19%,and 15.96%higher than that of T1,T2,and T4,respectively,and the total yield of T3treatment was 38 734.03 kg/ha,which was similar to the yield and benefit of T1 treatment.Therefore,the sparse planting density and multi-stems technology could be used for solar greenhouse tomato production.

关 键 词：番茄 日光温室 稀植多干 轻简化 效率化 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]