由“价值性”批判到“前提性”批判——哲学思维方式变革语境下的马克思生态思想  

From“Value”Criticism to“Premise”Criticism——Marx’s Ecological Thought in the Context of Philosophical Thinking Mode Transformation

作　　者：胡建东 HU Jian-dong

机构地区：[1]吉林大学马克思主义学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期12-21,共10页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“以中国式现代化道路为实证的唯物史观史学解释力研究”(22BKS070);吉林大学创新项目“人类命运共同体理念的生态文明意涵研究”(2022088)。

摘　　要：马克思以异化逻辑为叙事方式,从对资本主义社会条件下人与自然关系异化的“价值性”批判出发,经由实践观变革综合了思维与存在的抽象对立,超越了两极对立的形而上学思维方式。并且,立足于资本主义经济现实,揭露了资本主义生产关系是造成生态危机的深层根源。最终,对资本主义生产关系的“前提性”批判成为马克思生态思想的理论落脚点。“价值性”批判立足于人的基础存在方式——生产劳动,从价值层面深刻批判了资本主义社会人与自然关系异化的存在事实,而尚未深入到作为资本主义存在之“形式规定”的生产关系。“前提性”批判则直指存在本质,是在资本主义“存在悖论”的事实基础上,以“解剖学”的方式对资本主义生产关系和生产方式进行深入考察,在本质层面真正开显了人与自然关系异化的社会历史根源。对生态危机由“价值性”到“前提性”的批判历程与实践观变革具有深度的理论关联——马克思生态思想的科学化离不开哲学思维方式的变革。从哲学思维方式变革的理论视角切入,不仅能够深化对马克思生态思想的理解,而且能够科学揭示新时代中国特色社会主义生态文明建设深层的思维逻辑与实践逻辑。Taking the alienation logic as the narrative way,starting from the“value”criticism of the alienation of the relationship between man and nature under the capitalist social conditions,Marx integrated the abstract opposition between thinking and existence through the reform of the concept of practice,surpassing the metaphysical thinking mode of bipolar opposition.Moreover,based on the reality of capitalist economy,Marx reveals that capitalist relations of production are the deep source of ecological crisis.The criticism of the“premise”of capitalist relations of production has become the theoretical foothold of Marx’s ecological thought.The criticism of“value”is based on the basic mode of human existence,i.e.,productive labor,which deeply criticizes the existence fact of the alienation of the relationship between man and nature in capitalist society from the value level,but fails to go deep into the production relationship as the“form stipulation”of capitalist existence.In contrast,the criticism of the“premise”directly refers to the essence of existence,which is based on the fact of capitalist“paradox of existence”and makes an in-depth investigation of capitalist relations of production and modes of production in the way of“anatomy”,and truly reveals the social and historical roots of the alienation of the relationship between man and nature at the essential level.The critical process of ecological crisis from“value”to“premise”has a deep theoretical connection with the reform of the concept of practice,that is,the scientization of Marx’s ecological thought can not be separated from the reform of philosophical thinking mode.The theoretical perspective of the transformation of philosophical thinking mode can not only deepen the understanding of Marx’s ecological thought,but also reveal the deep thinking logic and practical logic of the construction of ecological civilization with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

关 键 词：实践观变革 哲学思维方式 历史唯物主义生态思维方式 

分 类 号：A811.692[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]