基于出行可靠性的城轨线路多时段发车频率优化  

Multi-period frequency optimization of urban rail lines based on travel reliability

作　　者：陈治亚[1] 欧阳灏 徐光明[1] 苏慧杰 CHEN Zhiya;OUYANG Hao;XU Guangming;SU Huijie(School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2022年第12期3526-3535,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB1201301,2020YFB1600400);国家自然科学基金资助项目(72171236,71701216);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ5783);长沙市自然科学基金资助项目(kq2014146)。

摘　　要：考虑现实中城市轨道交通线路上客流需求具有不确定性,结合不确定性理论和客流时间分布不均衡特点,探究不确定性条件下乘客出行时段选择行为,提出城市轨道交通线路多时段发车频率优化方法,并构建相应的双层规划模型。在双层规划模型中,上层以企业运营成本和乘客期望出行费用最小为多目标,以多时段发车频率为决策变量,建立列车发车频率优化模型;下层考虑随机需求的影响,结合乘客广义出行费用建立确定性需求有效出行费用,构建确定性需求随机用户均衡模型,用以描述出行可靠度下的确定性乘客出行时段选择行为。针对上述模型,设计NSGA-II算法和MSA算法进行求解。通过算例验证模型和算法的有效性,设置不同可靠性体现乘客的风险规避偏好,对比分析3种风险态度乘客出行时段选择行为以及对发车频率设置的影响。研究结果表明:随着乘客风险规避程度的提高,选择在高峰时段出行的乘客减少,在非高峰期出行客流量增加,高峰时段列车发车频率降低,运力与客流需求更加匹配。所提出的模型能够在保证企业运营成本不会大幅度增加情况下,有效降低乘客出行成本,缓解列车高峰时段客流压力并减少非高峰时段列车资源浪费现象,为城市轨道交通线路多时段发车频率优化方案制订提供了理论依据。Considering the uncertainty of passenger flow demand on urban rail transit lines in reality, the uncertainty theory was combined with the unbalanced time distribution of passenger flow, and the behavior of passenger travel time selection under uncertainty conditions was explored. The optimization of multi-period departure frequency of urban rail transit lines was proposed, and the corresponding two-level programming model was constructed. In the bi-level programming model, the upper layer established the optimization model of train departure frequency with the minimum enterprise operation cost and passengers ’ expected travel cost as the multi-objectives and multi period departure frequency as the decision variable. By considering the influence of random demand and combining the generalized travel cost of passengers, the lower level established the effective travel cost of deterministic demand and constructed the stochastic user equilibrium model of deterministic demand to describe the deterministic passenger travel period selection behavior under travel reliability. For the above model, the NSGA-II algorithm and the MSA algorithm were designed to solve it. The validity of the model and algorithm was verified by an example, while different reliability levels wereset to reflect the risk aversion preference of passengers. The travel time selection behavior of passengers with three risk attitudes and the influence on the setting of departure frequency were comparatively analyzed. The research results show that with the improvement of passenger risk aversion, fewer passengers choose to travel during peak hours. The passenger flow during off-peak hours increases, the frequency of train departures during peak hours decreases, and the capacity and passenger flow demand are better matched. The proposed model can effectively reduce the passenger travel cost, alleviate the passenger flow pressure in peak hours, and reduce the waste of train resources in non-peak hours. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the for

关 键 词：城市轨道交通 双层规划 发车频率 出行可靠性 多时段 多时段优化 

分 类 号：U292.4[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]