混凝土预制构件养护窑温湿度分布特性及优化研究  

Research on temperature and humidity distribution characteristics and optimization of curing room for precast concrete components

作　　者：蔡安江[1] 白国龙 刘锋伟 庞秋生 CAI Anjiang;BAI Guolong;LIU Fengwei;PANG Qiusheng(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710000,China;Dezhou Haitian Electromechanical Technology Co.,Ltd.,Dezhou 253000,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学机电工程学院,陕西西安710000 [2]德州海天机电科技有限公司,山东德州253000

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2022年第12期3778-3787,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：十三五国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0704005);教育部中国高校产学研创新基金资助项目(2021DZ022)。

摘　　要：针对预制构件养护窑温湿度分布不均的问题,基于传热传质理论和混合流体N-S方程,采用计算流体力学数值模拟的方法,在保证预制构件养护质量的前提下,建立描述养护工艺全过程的养护窑温湿度分布模型,并研究了喷孔位置、喷射角度、风扇数量和送风位置对养护窑内温湿度分布的影响。研究结果表明:所建模型的仿真预测值与工程实际值误差少于5%,满足养护质量要求,验证了模型的有效性。通过工程实际中混凝土预制构件养护工艺全过程的温湿度模拟实验分析,养护窑内相对湿度在蒸汽喷孔和风扇开启20 min后基本满足均匀性要求;养护窑内预制构件层间流体流动缓慢,换热效率低,整体预制构件平均温度57.02℃,局部预制构件中心点各层平均温度54.89℃,温度场分布均匀性不好,局部温差大。通过养护窑风扇送风位置对比模拟实验,采用单列竖直、沿水平方向送风的风扇布置方式,养护窑内温湿度分布更均匀。通过养护窑喷孔位置和喷射角度对比模拟实验,采用高度在养护单元总高度的65%,喷射角度倾斜向下45°的蒸汽喷孔布置方式,将混凝土预制构件恒温工况平均温度控制精度提高了63%,缩短了满足养护窑内相对湿度均匀性要求所需时间。该研究对提高预制构件养护质量及节能降耗具有理论参考意义。Aiming at the problem of uneven distribution of temperature and humidity in the curing room of prefabricated components, the method of numerical simulation of computational fluid dynamics was used to establish a description of the whole process of curing process under the premise of ensuring the maintenance quality of prefabricated components based on the theory of heat and mass transfer and the N-S equation of mixed fluids. The temperature and humidity distribution model of the curing room was developed, and the influence of the position of the injection hole, the injection angle, the number of fans, and the position of the air supply on the temperature and humidity distribution in the curing room were studied. The research results show that the error between the simulation predicted value of the model and the actual value of the project is less than 5%, which meets the maintenance quality requirements and verifies the validity of the model. Through the analysis of the temperature and humidity simulation experiment of the whole process of the curing process of concrete precast components in engineering practice, the relative humidity in the curing room basically meets the uniformity requirements 20 minutes after the steam nozzle and fan are turned on;The thermal efficiency is low, the average temperature of the overall prefabricated components is 57.02 ℃, and the average temperature of each layer at the center point of the local prefabricated components is 54.89 ℃. The uniformity of the temperature field distribution is not good, and the local temperature difference is large. Through the comparative simulation experimenton the fan air supply position of the curing room, the fan arrangement with a single row of vertical and horizontal air supply is adopted, and the temperature and humidity distribution in the curing room is more uniform. Through the comparative simulation experiment of the curing kiln’s jet hole position and jet angle, the steam jet hole layout with a height of 65% of the total height of th

关 键 词：混凝土预制构件 养护窑 养护工艺 温湿度分布 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TU528.1[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]