正念训练对冲动性不同要素的影响:基于双加工理论  

The effects of mindfulness-based interventions on different components of impulsivity:From the perspective of dual-process theories

作　　者：杨珍芝 曾红[1] YANG Zhenzhi;ZENG Hong(College of Education,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Division of Science and Technology,Beijing Normal University-Hongkong Baptist University United International College,Zhuhai 519087,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学教育学院,广州510006 [2]北京师范大学−香港浸会大学联合国际学院,珠海519087

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2023年第2期274-287,共14页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：广东省哲学社科规划一般项目(GD21CXL03);珠海市哲学社会科学规划项目(2021YBC168)。

摘　　要：正念是指对当下身心体验不带有评判地觉察。基于双加工理论,以正念为核心的训练对个体冲动性不同要素均具有明显干预效果。一方面,有助于降低因情感系统引发的冲动驱力:通过调整个体的奖赏评估与预期,缓和诱发冲动的压力与负性情绪反应,减弱自动化反应的联结和强度;另一方面,提升个体由认知控制系统调节的冲动控制力:增强个体的认知控制和行为抑制能力。由于冲动性驱动因素和控制因素二者加工时序的先后差异和作用方向对抗性特点,正念训练促进两类要素的积极交互影响,缩小冲动性“驱动”与“控制”力量之间的不平衡,为个体更好地回应自身反应与外界刺激提供了有利缓冲,是降低个体冲动性的有效干预手段。Mindfulness can be defined as the intentional awareness of individual’s physical and mental experiences with a non-judgmental attitude.From the perspective of dual-process theories,Mindfulness-based interventions(MBIs)show observable effects on the different components of impulsivity.On the one hand,MBIs help to diminish the driving forces caused by the socioemotional system:by reducing individual reward evaluation and expectation,alleviating the distress and negative emotion,and weakening the connection and intensity of automatic responses.On the other hand,MBIs enhance the controlling force of impulsivity and mitigate the action/cognitive impulsivity regulated by the cognitive control system:by enhancing individual’s capabilities of cognitive control and inhibitory control,and diminishing waiting impulsivity.Due to different processing sequence and intensity of the two components of impulsivity,MBIs facilitate the positive interactions between the two components,minimize the imbalance between the driving forces and the controlling force,providing a favorable buffer for individuals to better respond to their own and external stimuli.In sum,MBIs are effective intervention means to reduce individual’s impulsivity.

关 键 词：正念训练 冲动性 双加工理论 驱动因素 控制因素 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]