政治哲学证明:自然生成还是理性设计?——论诺奇克对契约论的批判  

The Argumentation of Political Philosophy: Natural Generation or Rational Design? Nozick’s Critique on Social Contract Theory

作　　者：王立[1] 白晨 Wang Li;Bai Chen

机构地区：[1]吉林大学哲学基础理论研究中心,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学哲学社会学院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第1期134-144,共11页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

摘　　要：诺奇克的契约论批判既包括对古典契约论的批判,也包括对罗尔斯的新契约论批判。古典契约论的核心是政治合法性问题,而新契约论则是正义原则的证成性问题。诺奇克对契约论的批判从两个方面展开。一方面,诺奇克从政治哲学应该遵循的一般性方法出发,主张方法与理论目的之间应该保持明显的间距。方法论批判集中于政治合法性问题,而契约论背后隐藏的理性目的论同政治哲学的方法原则完全相悖。另一方面,面对新契约论,诺奇克认为新契约论既无法逃避古典契约论的理性目的论困境,也无法避免延用契约论的一些理念来论证正义原则时必然遭遇的理论困难。无论是对合法性的证明还是对正义原则的证成,诺奇克都主张“看不见的手的解释”之“自然生成”而非“理性设计”的理论路径。Robert Nozick’s critique of social contract theory includes not only the critique of classical social contract theory, but also a critique of Rawlsian new social contract theory. The core of classical social contract theory concerns political legitimacy, while the new social contract theory is about the argumentation of the principle of justice.Nozick’s criticism of social contract theory is carried out from two aspects. First, Nozick begins from the general method that political philosophy should follow and maintain a distinctive gap between method and theoretical purpose.The critique of methodology focuses on the issue of political legitimacy, while the rational teleology hidden within social contract theory is completely contrary to the methodological principles of political philosophy. Second, in the face of new social contract theory, Nozick believed that a new social contract theory cannot escape the dilemma of the rational teleology of the classical social contract theory, nor can it avoid the theoretical difficulties that must be encountered when using some concepts of social contract theory to demonstrate the principle of justice. With respect to both the proof of legitimacy and the argumentation of the principle of justice, Nozick advocated the theoretical approach designated“natural generation”instead of“rational design”concerning the“invisible hand explanation”.

关 键 词：诺奇克 契约论 看不见的手的解释 自然而然 目的 

分 类 号：D091[政治法律—政治学] D0