快堆闭式燃料循环对提高铀资源利用率的分析研究  

Analysis on Improving Utilization of Uranium Resource Based on Fast Reactor with Closed Fuel Cycle

作　　者：胡赟[1] 杨勇[1] 宋英韵 杨鹏 HU Yun;YANG Yong;SONG Yingyun;YANG Peng(China Institute of Atomic Energy,Beijing 102413,China;China Institute of Nuclear Industry Strategy,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]中国原子能科学研究院,北京102413 [2]中核战略规划研究总院,北京100048

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2023年第1期133-139,共7页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

摘　　要：快堆结合闭式燃料循环提高铀资源利用率需对乏燃料进行回收和再循环。对工业钚在大型MOX(混合铀钚)燃料钠冷增殖快堆中多次循环的特性进行了计算分析,结果表明,钚成分经多次循环后可达平衡,其中易裂变核维持在约74%的较高比例。从成分品质看,工业钚在增殖快堆中的循环次数不受限制。构建模型并分析了快堆闭式燃料循环对于铀资源利用率的提高。快堆闭式循环策略下,回收铀、钚多次循环后可大幅度提高铀资源利用率。提高燃料燃耗和乏燃料后处理回收率能显著提升铀利用率;但在最初的几次循环中后处理回收率的影响较小,循环次数增加后,将会对利用率有明显提升。较低的燃料燃耗和回收率情况下,将存在较低的无限次循环铀利用率上限。Fast reactor combined with closed fuel cycle can greatly improve the utilization rate of uranium resource,get rid of the dependence of nuclear energy development on natural uranium,and meanwhile,reduce the generation of long-lived radioactive waste,so as to achieve environmental friendliness for nuclear energy.Using fast reactor to improve uranium resource utilization requires the recovery of spent fuel and multiple recycling of the recovered uranium and plutonium in fast reactors.Through neutronics and fuel burnup calculation,the characteristics of industrial plutonium multi-recycled in large MOX(mixed uranium and plutonium oxide)fuel sodium cooled fast reactor were simulated,the variation law of plutonium isotope component in the recycle process was obtained,and the feasibility of multiple recycling of plutonium in fast reactor was analyzed.The calculation results show that the plutonium isotope component can reach the equilibrium state along multiple recycling,and the fraction of fissile isotopes is maintained at a high proportion of about 74%.In terms of isotope composition quality,the number of recycling of industrial plutonium in fast reactor is not limited.An analysis model of uranium resource utilization rate was constructed.The improvement of uranium resource utilization rate of fast reactor with closed fuel cycle was calculated and analyzed,by using reactor core parameters of large-scale MOX fuel fast reactor,and the sensitivity analysis of uranium utilization rate to fuel burnup,spent fuel reprocessing recovery rate and reactor core breeding ratio was carried out.Under the strategy of fast reactor with closed fuel cycle,the utilization rate of uranium resource can be greatly improved after multiple recycling of recovered uranium and plutonium.Improving discharged fuel burnup and recovery rate of spent fuel reprocessing can significantly improve uranium utilization rate.However,in the first few cycles,fuel recovery rate has a small impact,while the utilization rate will be significantly improved after t

关 键 词：快增殖堆 闭式燃料循环 工业钚 多次循环 铀利用率 

分 类 号：TL326[核科学技术—核技术及应用]