发电容量充裕性保障机制国际实践与启示  

International Practice of Generation Capacity Adequacy Guarantee Mechanism and Its Implications for China’s Electricity Market

作　　者：黄海涛 许佳丹 郭志刚 金建波 HUANG Haitao;XU Jiadan;GUO Zhigang;JIN Jianbo(School of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China;Changjiang Electric Power Sales Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201208,China)

机构地区：[1]上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海200090 [2]长江电力销售有限公司,上海201208

出　　处：《中国电力》2023年第1期68-76,共9页Electric Power

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(绿证市场、碳市场与电力市场的耦合机理及政策优化研究,20BJL036)。

摘　　要：电力能源绿色转型和现货市场加快推进使得中国发电容量充裕性保障机制建立及其路径选择问题日益迫切。围绕此问题,梳理容量充裕性保障机制的国际实践经验,综合比较稀缺定价、容量市场和容量补贴电价3类机制的基本原理、总体框架与核心制度、机制优劣与适用条件;以容量市场为重点,比较分散式、集中式和可靠性期权3类市场模式,归纳以容量配额、资格审查和市场交易为核心制度的基本框架体系,研究各个市场拍卖制度设计和容量需求曲线计算方法;阐释智利补贴机制中容量电价和充裕容量的核定原理与方法,探讨稀缺定价机制在社会政治层面的局限性及监管两难问题。最后,就中国容量充裕性保障机制建设问题,提出与中国电力市场建设发展相适应的分阶段建议。The green transformation of electrical energy and acceleration of spot market make it increasingly urgent to establish a guarantee mechanism of generation capacity adequacy and its path selection in China. Therefore, this paper reviewed the international practices of capacity adequacy guarantee mechanism, comprehensively compared three mechanisms of scarcity pricing,capacity market and capacity subsidy electrovalence in terms of basic principles, overall framework and core systems, advantages and disadvantages of mechanisms and applicable conditions. Focusing on the capacity market, the paper also compared three types of market models including decentralized model, centralized model and reliable options model, proposed a basic framework system with the capacity quota, qualification examination and market transaction as the core system, and studied the auction system design and capacity demand curve calculation method for various markets. In addition, the paper introduced the principle and methods for checking the capacity electricity price and adequacy capacity in Chile, and discussed the limitations of scarcity pricing mechanism in social and political aspects and the dilemma of supervision. Finally, some suggestions are put forward for staged construction of capacity adequacy guarantee mechanism in China, which are suitable for the construction and development of China’s electricity market.

关 键 词：电力市场 发电容量充裕性 容量补偿机制 稀缺电价 容量市场 容量补贴电价 

分 类 号：TM73[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]