贵州贞丰矿区洞穴水体重金属健康风险评价  

Heavy Metal Health Risk Assessment of Cave Water in Zhenfeng Mining Area of Guizhou Province

作　　者：杜维锋 田亚军 徐承香[1,3] 张思强 刘小万 安路杰 DU Weifeng;TIAN Yajun;XU Chengxiang;ZHANG Siqiang;LIU Xiaowan;AN Lujie(School of Life Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China;Songtao Miao-Ethnic Autonomous County No.5 Middle School,Tongren 554100,China;Institute of Karst Caves,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]松桃苗族自治县第五中学,贵州铜554100 [3]贵州师范大学喀斯特洞穴研究中心,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2022年第10期60-69,共10页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660152);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2017]1416);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2017]5726号);贵州省教育厅创新群体项目(黔教合KY字[2021]013号)。

摘　　要：为了解贞丰矿区洞穴水体重金属的污染情况,文章于平水期和丰水期对5个代表性洞穴中水体的8种重金属含量进行了测定分析,运用美国环境保护署推荐的健康风险评价模型对洞穴水体重金属引起的成人和儿童健康风险进行了初步评价。结果表明,2个水期洞穴水体重金属的平均浓度表现为Cr>Ni>As>Zn>Cu>Hg>Pb>Cd,均未超过《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848-2017)Ⅲ类水的标准限值。洞穴水体重金属浓度总体接近或低于地表水,多数水体重金属的浓度表现为丰水期>平水期且在不同洞穴中存在显著差异。Spearman相关性分析表明,Cr与Cd、Zn、As、Pb、Cu、Ni之间存在显著或极显著负相关关系;Cu-As、Cu-Pb、Cu-Zn、Cu-Ni、Cu-Cd、Ni-Cd、Ni-As、Ni-Pb、Ni-Zn、As-Cd、As-Zn、As-Pb、Zn-Pb和Zn-Ni之间存在显著或极显著正相关关系。健康风险评价结果表明,儿童比成人更易受重金属污染的威胁。非致癌物所致的人体健康风险值远低于荷兰建设环保局推荐的可忽略水平(1.0×10^(-8)a^(-1)),不会对人体健康造成明显危害;化学致癌物造成的人体健康风险远超过非致癌物,Cr和部分洞穴中As所致的平均个人年健康风险值均高于瑞典环境保护局、荷兰建设环境保护局和英国皇家协会所推荐的最大可接受水平(1.0×10^(-6)a^(-1)),从饮用水安全角度考虑,Cr和As应当作为风险管理和控制的对象。To inquire into the heavy metal pollution level of the cave water of Zhenfeng mining area,the concentrations of eight species of heavy metal(Cr,Ni,As,Zn,Cu,Hg,Pb and Cd)in the water of five representative caves were detected during the normal and wet seasons,and the relevant preliminary assessment of health risks of heavy metals to adults and children was conducted by use of the health risk assessment model recommended by the USEPA.The assessment suggested that concentrations in average of the heavy metals contained in cave water in two seasons were expressed in the descending order as Cr>Ni>As>Zn>Cu>Hg>Pb>Cd,which did not exceed the limit value of ClassⅢof the Standard for Groundwater Quality(GB/T 14848-2017),and in general,concentration of heavy metals in cave water was close to or lower than that of the surface water.Moreover,the heavy metal concentrations of most cave water in wet season were higher than in normal season,and differed noticeably in different cave water.The Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Cr was significantly negative correlated to Cd,Zn,As,Pb,Cu,and Ni;there existed significant positive correlations between Cu and As,Cu and Pb,Cu and Zn,Cu and Ni,Cu and Cd,Ni and As,Ni and Pb,Ni and Zn,As and Cd,As and Zn,As and Pb,Zn and Pb,Zn and Pb,as well as a notable positive correlation between Zn and Ni.The health risk assessments pointed out that children were more vulnerable to heavy metal pollution risks than adults;the personal average annual health risk of non-carcinogenic matter in this area was much lower than the“negligible level”recommended by the Dutch Construction Environmental Protection Agency(1.0×10^(-8)a^(-1)),so no noticeable harm will be led to human health.As to the health risks of chemical carcinogenic matter,which poses health risks far more than non-carcinogenic matter.Furthermore,it was found that Cr in all of the five caves,and As in part of caves was higher than the maximum accepted level(1.0×10^(-6)a^(-1))recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Ag

关 键 词：洞穴水 重金属 健康风险评价 矿区 贞丰 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4