住房保障支撑下的城市更新与历史街区保护——柏林夏洛腾堡118街坊试点项目的经验和启示  

Urban Renewal and Historic District Conservation by Housing Socialization: Experience and Inspirations from the Pilot Project Charlottenburg Block 118 in Berlin

作　　者：惠晓曦[1] 廖正昕[2] Hui Xiaoxi;Liao Zhengxin

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学城乡规划系 [2]北京市城市规划设计研究院历史文化名城规划所

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2022年第6期67-75,96,共10页Urban Planning International

摘　　要：作为欧洲城市街区保护更新最早的成功案例之一,德国柏林夏洛腾堡街区118街坊试点项目在西方城市更新的演变史上具有里程碑意义。基于良好的住房保障制度和城市更新中的住房公有化政策,该项目统筹考虑了住房改善、遗产保护、成本控制、公众参与乃至本地小微企业权益。通过改造思路、建筑技术和实施流程等方面的一系列创新举措,在保护历史建筑和历史环境的同时,保留了原有社区结构并有效改善了居民的居住条件。118街坊试点项目的成功对德国乃至欧洲城市更新方式的转变产生了深远影响,并在住房保障与有机更新的相互支撑、遗产保护与居住改善的有效平衡、现代住宅历史建筑的保护更新方式、基于经济可行性考虑的制度和技术创新以及对本地小微企业的关注等方面,为我国当下的城市更新转型实践,特别是以居住功能为主的街区更新探索提供了相应的经验和启示。The pilot project Charlottenburg Block 118 in Berlin, Germany, as one of the earliest cases of the preservation and rehabilitation of European inner city neighbourhoods, is a milestone in the evolution of urban renewal in the West. Based on the social-oriented housing policy and the introduction of social housing in urban renewal, the strategies on housing improvement, heritage protection, cost control,public participation and small enterprises were integrated in the pilot project. Due to a series of innovative measures in transformation methodology, renovation technology and implementation process, the project successfully improved the living conditions for the original population on the one hand, and well protected the historic buildings and environments on the other hand. The experience of Charlottenburg Block 118had significantly contributed to the transition of mainstream urban renewal approach in Germany and other European countries. In the fields of the combination of social housing and urban rehabilitation, the balance between heritage conservation and housing improvement, the preservation and renovation of modern residential architecture, the institutional and technical innovation based on economic feasibility,as well as the support to local small enterprises, this case study may also provide inspirations for China’s current urban renewal transition, in particular for the rehabilitation of residential districts.

关 键 词：柔性更新 住房保障 历史街区保护 居住改善 建筑修缮 柏林 夏洛腾堡118街坊试点项目 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]