基于三维数字图像相关法的管材胀形试验  

Tube bulging test based on 3D digital image correlation method

作　　者：邹正平[1] 张猛 郎利辉[2] ZOU Zhengping;ZHANG Meng;LANG Lihui(School of Energy and Power Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学能源与动力工程学院,北京100191 [2]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100191

出　　处：《航空学报》2022年第12期533-544,共12页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(516750291005167);四川省省院省校合作项目(2019YFSY0034)。

摘　　要：相较于传统材料性能测试试验,管材液压胀形试验能更准确的复现管材在流体面力作用下的材料流动及硬化规律。针对传统测量方法中存在的破裂冲击及轴向轮廓测量难等现象,利用三维数字图像相关法(3D-DIC)对5A02铝合金管材胀形试验进行测量。建立了管材自由区域的力学模型,给出了自由区域壁厚分布计算的一般方法,获取了5A02铝合金管材的本构方程,并采取有限元方法对上述结果进行对照验证。结果表明,采取幂指数形式的本构方程的最大相对误差小于10%,轮廓最大相对误差误差小于1.5%,壁厚最大相对误差小于2%。最后,通过控制自由区域的长径比获得了5A02管材左侧成形极限曲线(FLC)。The constitutive equation and the forming limit diagram are effective means for evaluating the deformability and formability of the metal material.Compared with the traditional tube mechanical properties test,the Tube Bulging Test(TBT)can be used to get more accurate constitutive equation and forming limit of the tube under the action of fluid force.To overcome the problems of mesh distortion and difficulty in axial profile measurement with the traditional method,the 3D Digital Image Correlation method(3D-DIC)was used to obtain and reconstruct the bulging contour of the 5 A02 aluminum alloy tube.A mechanical model of the free bulging region of the tube was established,a calculation formula of wall thickness distribution in the bulging region of the tube was given,and the constitutive equation of the alloy was obtained.The results were compared and verified by the finite element method.It is found that the maximum relative error of the power exponential constitutive equation is less than 10%,the maximum relative error of the contour is less than 1.5%,and the maximum relative error of the wall thickness is less than 2%.Finally,the left Forming Limit Curve(FLC)of the tube was obtained by controlling the aspect ratio of the free area.

关 键 词：管材胀形试验 三维数字图像相关法 本构方程 壁厚分布 成形极限曲线 

分 类 号：V241.05[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TG389[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]