不同滴灌流量对盐碱土种植下棉花纤维品质、产量的影响  

Effects of Different Drip Irrigation Flows on Cotton Fiber Quality and Yield Under Saline-alkali Soil Planting

作　　者：宋恩泽 张颖 徐丹 邵光成[1] 孙智博 SONG En-ze;ZHANG Ying;XU Dan;SHAO Guang-cheng;SUN Zhi-bo(College of Agricultural Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Jiangning Water Resources Bureau,Nanjing 211100,China;Zhejiang Water Conservancy and Estuary Research Institute(Zhejiang Marine Planning and Design Institute),Hangzhou 310020,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,南京210098 [2]南京市江宁区水务局,南京211100 [3]浙江省水利河口研究院(浙江省海洋规划设计研究院),杭州310020

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第1期1-9,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51879072);江苏省水利科技项目(2015087)。

摘　　要：为探究盐碱地改良过程中不同滴灌流量对棉花纤维品质与产量的影响,以棉花为试验对象,采用了两种类型盐碱土(新疆砂质壤土、江苏东台粉砂质壤土),设定4种滴灌流量(0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6 L/h),通过室外避雨栽培与室内品质分析相结合的方法,监测分析了不同水盐状况下棉花纤维品质及产量,利用数据包络分析法对两种盐碱土和4种滴灌流量进行优选评价。结果表明:(1)针对棉花5种纤维品质(上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、断裂比强度、马克隆值、伸长率),砂质壤土种植下的最佳滴头流量分别为1.2、0.4、1.6、1.2、0.4 L/h,粉砂质壤土种植下的最佳滴头流量分别为0.8、0.8、1.2、0.4、1.6 L/h。(2)针对棉花5种产量指标(单株铃数、单铃质量、籽棉产量、皮棉产量、衣分率),砂质壤土种植下的最佳滴头流量分别为1.6、0.8、1.2、1.6、1.6 L/h,粉砂质壤土种植下的最佳滴头流量分别为1.6、1.2、1.6、0.4、1.6 L/h。(3)在本研究所设计的滴灌流量范围内,砂质壤土的棉花品质综合效益比粉砂质壤土更高。(4)运用数据包络分析法计算不同滴灌流量下棉花品质产量综合效率,砂质土与粉砂质土中均是0.8 L/h效率最高,分别为0.584、0.529,表明综合品质和产量的10项指标,滴灌流量(即0.8 L/h),更有利于棉花品质和产量的综合效益提升。In order to explore the effects of different drip irrigation flows on cotton fiber quality and yield in the process of saline-alkali land improvement,in this paper,cotton was used as the test object,two types of saline-alkaline soils(Xinjiang sandy loam soil,Jiangsu Dongtai silty loam soil)were used to conduct test,and four drip irrigation flows(0.4,0.8,1.2,1.6 L/h)were set.Through combining outdoor rain shelter cultivation and indoor quality analysis,the cotton fiber quality and yield under different water and salt conditions were monitored and analyzed.The optimal evaluation of two kinds of saline-alkali soils and four drip irrigation flows was conducted by data envelopment analysis.The results showed that:(1)For the five fiber qualities indexes of cotton(average length,neatness index,fracture specific strength,macron value,elongation),the optimal dripper flow rate under sandy loam planting was 1.2,0.4,1.6,0.4,1.2,0.4 L/h,and the optimal drip flow rate under silty loam planting was 0.8,0.8,1.2,0.8,0.4,and 1.6 L/h.(2)For the five yield indexes of cotton(number of bells per plant,quality of single bell,yield of seed cotton,yield of lint cotton,and coating rate),the optimal dripper flow rate under sandy loam planting was 1.6,0.8,1.2,1.6,1.6,1.6,and 1.6 L/h under silty loam planting,respectively,and the optimal dripper flow under silty loam planting was 1.6,1.2,1.6,1.6,and 1.6 L/h.(3)Within the drip irrigation flow range designed in this study,the comprehensive benefit of cotton quality in sandy loam soil was higher than that in silt loam soil.(4)The result of using the data envelopment analysis method to calculate the comprehensive efficiency of cotton quality and yield under different drip irrigation flows indicated that the efficiency of 0.8 L/h dripper flow rate was the highest in sandy soil and silty soil,which was 0.584 and 0.529,respectively.So the moderate drip irrigation flow rate(that is,0.8 L/h)was more conducive to the comprehensive benefit improvement of cotton quality and yield.

关 键 词：滴灌流量 盐碱土 棉花 综合效率 数据包络分析 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]