番茄叶片对不同灌溉量的生理响应  

Physiological Responses of Tomato Leaves to Different Irrigation Rates

作　　者：范胜男 季延海 刘明池 李伟 梁浩 武占会 王丽萍 FAN Sheng-nan;JI Yan-hai;LIU Ming-chi;LI Wei;LIANG Hao;WU Zhan-hui;WANG Li-ping(School of Landscape and Ecological Engineering,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,Hebei Province,China;Vegetable Research Institute,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Beijing 100097,China;North China Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]河北工程大学园林与生态工程学院,河北邯郸056038 [2]北京农林科学院蔬菜研究所,北京100097 [3]农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室,北京100097

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第1期19-25,共7页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项(KJCX20210437、20210402);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-23-G-06)。

摘　　要：为了探究不同灌溉量对无机基质无土栽培番茄叶片相关指标的影响,以‘瑞粉882’为试验材料,采用封闭式无机基质循环槽培系统种植,营养液灌溉方式为滴灌,试验设置6个营养液灌溉量[0.5 L/(株·d^(-1))(T1)、0.8 L/(株·d^(-1))(T2)、1.1 L/(株·d^(-1))(T3)、1.4 L/(株·d^(-1))(T4)、1.7 L/(株·d^(-1))(T5)、2.0 L/(株·d^(-1))(T6)]。试验结果表明,随着营养液灌溉量的下降,与T6处理相比,T1、T2、T3、T4处理番茄株高分别下降了14.23%、12.77%、8.76%、5.84%,T5处理无显著性差异(P<0.05);单株产量与T6处理相比T1、T2、T3处理分别下降了14.91%、7.37%、3.28%;处理15d T6处理叶片的净光合速率(Pn)和PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Fv/Fm)显著高于T1处理89.25%、6.08%,但叶片水分利用效率(WUE)T1处理显著高于T6处理24.92%。同时叶片厚度、上下表皮厚度、栅海比、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈先上升后下降趋势;丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量呈先下降后上升趋势。随着处理时间的延长,叶片光合参数、荧光参数、叶片结构相关参数和酶活性均下降,丙二醛和过氧化氢含量上升。本研究结果说明减少灌溉量抑制植株生长和光合作用,降低番茄产量和光能转化效率(F_(v)/F_(m)),但提高了叶片水分利用效率(WUE)。同时适度的减少灌溉量可以提高叶片结构相关指标和抗氧化酶活性,但超过一定范围则会对番茄叶片造成严重损伤。In order to investigate the effects of different irrigation levels on leaf indicators of tomato in soilless crops with inorganic matrix,‘Rui fen 882’cultivar was used as experimental material in this study and a closed cropping system with inorganic matrix and recirculation tanks was used.Drip irrigation was used to irrigate the nutrient solution.Six irrigation rates of nutrient solution were used[0.5 L/(strain/d^(-1))(T1),0.8 L/(strain/d^(-1))(T2),1.1 L/(strain/d^(-1))(T3),1.4 L/(strain/d^(-1))(T4),1.7 L/(strain/d^(-1))(T5),2.0 L/(strain/d^(-1))(T6)].The experimental results showed that with the reduction of irrigation amount of nutrient solution compared to T6 treatment,the height of tomato plants in T1,T2,T3 and T4 treatments decreased by 14.23%,12.77%,8.76% and 5.84%,respectively,while there was no significant difference in T5treatment.Compared to T6,yield per plant decreased by 14.91%,7.37% and 3.28% for T1,T2 and T3 treatments,respectively.Net photosynthetic rate(Pn)and actual photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm)of leaves treated with 15d T6 were significantly higher than that of T1treatment by 89.25% and 6.08%,but leaf water use efficiency(WUE)of T1 treatment was significantly higher than that of T6 treatment by 24.92%.At the same time,leaf thickness,upper and lower epidermis thickness,gate to shark ratio,superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities showed a trend that first increased and then decreased;malondialdehyde(MDA)and hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))content first decreased and then increased.With the increase of treatment duration,photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence parameters,leaf structure-related parameters,and leaf enzyme activities decreased,while malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels increased.The results of this study indicate that a reduction in irrigation amount inhibits plant growth and photosynthesis,decreases tomato yield and light energy conversion efficiency(F_(v)/F_(m)),but increases leaf water use efficiency(WUE).At the same time,moderate reduction of irrigation amo

关 键 词：灌溉量 叶片结构 生理响应 营养液循环灌溉 无机基质 无土栽培 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S274.1[农业科学—园艺学]