湖南省不同种植制度农田土壤肥力长期演变特征  

Long-term evolution characteristics of farmland soil fertility under different cropping systems in Hunan Province

作　　者：宫殿林 张文钊[1] 罗尊长[3] 高菊生 郑超 洪曦 曾希柏[6] 董春华[3] 程爱武[7] 汤春纯 李荣 何运祥 毛卫华 涂赛军 GONG Dian-lin;ZHANG Wen-zhao;LUO Zun-chang;GAO Ju-sheng;ZHENG Chao;HONG Xi;ZENG Xi-bai;DONG Chun-hua;CHENG Ai-wu;TANG Chun-chun;LI Rong;HE Yun-xiang;MAO Wei-hua;TU Sai-jun(Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Changsha Research Station for Agricultural&Environmental Monitoring,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment in Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River,Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Red Soil Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Hengyang,Qiyang,Hunan 426101,China;Hunan Xiangxi TUJIAZU&MIAOZU Autonomous Prefecture Ecological Environment Bureau,Jishou,Hunan 416500,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Rural Technique Spreading Center of Ningxiang County,Changsha,Hunan 410600,China;Yueyang Agricultural Sciences Institute,and Yueyang Agricultural Environment Scientific Experiment Station,Ministry of Agriculture of China,Yueyang,Hunan 414000,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Hanshou County,Hanshou,Hunan 415999,China;Agricultural Bureau of Lixian County,Lixian,Hunan 415500,China;Zhijiang Dong Autonomous County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Zhijiang,Hunan 419100 China;Nanxian Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Nanxian,Hunan 413200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所长沙农业环境观测研究站,湖南长沙410125 [3]湖南省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [4]中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站,湖南衡阳426182 [5]湘西土家族苗族自治州生态环境局,湖南吉首416099 [6]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [7]湖南省宁乡县农业技术推广中心,湖南宁乡410600 [8]湖南省岳阳市农业科学研究所,农业部岳阳农业环境科学观测实验站,湖南岳阳414000 [9]湖南省汉寿县农业农村局,湖南汉寿415900 [10]湖南省澧县农业农村局,湖南澧县415500 [11]芷江侗族自治县农业农村局,湖南芷江419100 [12]湖南省南县农业农村局,湖南南县413200

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2022年第6期1120-1130,共11页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U19A2048);湖南省自然科学青年基金项目(2020JJ5319);湖南省土壤肥料研究所所长基金(2020tfs202)。

摘　　要：明确不同种植制度农田肥力长期演变特征可为选择合适种植制度以提升耕地质量提供参考依据。以湖南省12个国家和省级农田长期定位试验点的种植制度试验为研究对象,选择当地习惯施肥条件下的水稻—水稻—黑麦草(RRR)、水稻—水稻—紫云英(RRC)、水稻—水稻—大麦(RRB)、水稻—水稻—冬闲(RRW)和水稻—水稻—油菜(RRO)5种双季稻模式,烤烟—水稻(RT)、水稻—冬闲(RW)、水稻—油菜(RO)和水稻—绿肥(RG)4种一季稻模式,棉花—油菜(CR)、大豆—红薯(SS)和玉米—萝卜(MR)3种旱作模式,研究其土壤基础肥力指标和综合肥力的演变趋势。结果表明,双季稻模式有机质含量高于旱作模式,长期习惯性施肥条件下,除RRO、RT和RW有机质含量下降外,其余均有上升。RRW、RRO、RT和RW全氮含量相对较高但均有下降,其余则均有增加。RRO和RG碱解氮含量下降明显,而旱作模式均呈增加趋势。RRO和RRW速效磷含量下降明显,而旱作模式年均增加约1.23~4.76 mg/kg。双季稻模式速效钾含量均有下降,而一季稻和旱作模式除RT和MR增加外呈下降趋势或无明显变化。双季稻模式综合肥力下降,而一季稻和旱作模式均有上升。研究表明,湖南省不同种植制度农田肥力变化差异较大,双季稻模式应控氮重钾,一季稻模式应减施氮磷,旱作模式应培肥地力和控施磷肥。Clarifying the long-term evolution characteristics of farmland soil fertility with different cropping systems can provide scientific basis for selecting appropriate cropping systems to improve soil quality of farmland.Based on 12 national and provincial long-term cropland system experiments in Hunan Province,the present study examined the soil fertility indexes and their evolution trend of five double-cropping rice modes(rice-rice-ryegrass(RRR),rice-riceChinese milk vetch(RRC),rice-rice-wheat(RRB),rice-rice-free(RRW),rice-rice-oil(RRO)),four single-season rice modes(rice-tobacco(RT),rice-Free(RW),rice-oil(RO),rice-green(RG)),and three upland farming modes(cottonoil(CR),soybean-sweet potato(SS),corn-radish(MR)).The results showed that under long-term conventional fertilization conditions,soil organic matter contents(SOM)of the double cropping rice mode was higher than that of the upland farming mode,and SOM of RRO,RT and RW modes decreased but SOM of the rest cropping systems increased over time.Soil total nitrogen contents(STN)of RRW,RRO,RT and RW was relatively high but decreased over time,whilst STN of the rest cropping systems increased.The contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen in RRO and RG decreased significantly,while those in the upland farming mode showed an increasing trend over time.The contents of soil available phosphorus in RRO and RRW decreased significantly,while those in the upland farming modes increased with an annual increase rate of 1.23~4.76 mg/kg.The contents of available potassium in the doublecropping rice model decreased,while those in the one-cropping rice and the upland farming modes showed a decreasing trend or no significant change except for the increase in RT and MR.The soil comprehensive fertility decreased over time for the double cropping rice mode,but increased for the single cropping rice and the upland farming modes.In conclusion,the temporal trend of soil fertility of farmland under different cropping systems are quite different in Hunan province.Nitrogen input should b

关 键 词：土壤有机质 综合肥力 长期定位试验 农田 种植制度 

分 类 号：S158.2[农业科学—土壤学]