3种高含量植物纤维填充聚乳酸复合材料性能对比  

Comparison of properties of three kinds of high content plant fiber filled polylactic acid composites

作　　者：周凌蕾 史可 何春霞 ZHOU Linglei;SHI Ke;HE Chunxia(College of Engineering/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Equipment in Jiangsu Province,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210031,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院/江苏省智能化农业装备重点实验室,江苏南京210031

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2023年第1期210-216,共7页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：江苏省科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX20-0207);新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(科技援疆计划,2019E0241)。

摘　　要：[目的]为比较不同植物纤维对由其制备的聚乳酸(PLA)复合材料性能的影响,选用稻壳、芦苇秸秆、竹3种性能较优的植物纤维和PLA制备高含量植物纤维复合材料(植物纤维含量为50%)。[方法]对植物纤维进行成分分析,观察植物纤维/PLA复合材料的官能团、微观形貌,测定复合材料的力学性能、耐水性能和热稳定性。[结果]竹纤维/PLA复合材料具有最好的综合力学性能,其弯曲强度为91.37 MPa,比稻壳、芦苇秸秆纤维/聚乳酸复合材料分别高17.18%、40.33%;冲击强度为5.06 kJ·m-2,比稻壳、芦苇秸秆纤维/聚乳酸复合材料高9.49%、53.56%。竹纤维/PLA复合材料的断面微观结构最致密,纤维与PLA结合最好。高含量植物纤维填充会降低复合材料的耐水性和热稳定性,而竹纤维/PLA复合材料能够保持较好的耐水性和耐热性。[结论]3种高含量植物纤维复合材料中,竹纤维复合材料具有最优的综合性能,为进一步拓宽聚乳酸复合材料的应用奠定了基础。[Objectives]In order to compare the effects of different plant fibers on the properties of polylactic acid(PLA)composites, three kinds of plant fibers with better properties: rice husk, reed straw and bamboo were used to prepare high content plant fiber/PLA composites(50% plant fiber content). [Methods]The composition of the plant fiber was analyzed. The functional groups and micromorphology of the plant fiber/PLA composite were observed. The mechanical properties, water barrier property and thermal stability of the PLA composites were determined. [Results]Bamboo fiber/PLA composite had the best comprehensive mechanical properties, its flexural strength was 91.37 MPa, which was 17.18% and 40.33% higher than rice husk and reed straw fiber/PLA composite, and its impact strength was 5.06 kJ·m-2,which was 9.49% and 53.56% higher than rice husk and reed straw fiber/PLA composite. The microstructure of bamboo fiber/PLA composite was the densest, and the combination of fiber and PLA was the best. The results showed that the water resistance and thermal stability of the PLA composites were reduced by filling with plant fiber, while the bamboo fiber/PLA composites had better water resistance and heat resistance. [Conclusions]Among the three kinds of high content plant fiber composites, bamboo fiber composite has the best comprehensive performance, which lays a foundation for further expanding the application of PLA composite.

关 键 词：植物纤维 聚乳酸 官能团 力学性能 微观形貌 耐水性能 热稳定性 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]