夹持式鲜菱角脱壳机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of the clamping sheller for fresh water caltrop

作　　者：万志华 张国忠[1,2] 徐红梅 周勇[1,2] 唐楠锐 张晗[1,2] Wan Zhihua;Zhang Guozhong;Xu Hongmei;Zhou Yong;Tang Nanrui;Zhang Han(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室位,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第20期9-19,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家特色蔬菜产业技术体系专项资助项目(CARS-24-D-02)。

摘　　要：针对鲜菱角手工脱壳率低、菱仁损伤率高等问题,该研究以湖北省浠水县两角菱为对象,设计了一种夹持式鲜菱角脱壳机。对鲜菱角外形尺寸和力学性能参数进行了测量,确定采用夹持板与链条夹持输送、圆形齿刀横切菱角两侧弯角、对辊挤压碾搓脱壳的技术方案。对夹持板、弹性压紧装置、横切刀片和脱壳装置等主要部件结构进行设计和分析,确定了结构和运动参数。运用ANSYS Explicit Dynamics模块对横切过程进行仿真,根据理论分析和仿真结果试制了脱壳样机,开展了横切试验和脱壳试验。横切试验表明,成熟度、输送速度和刀片转速均对切壳率影响显著(P<0.05),对菱仁损失率影响不显著(P>0.05)。运用Design Expert 12优化得横切装置最优工作参数为:脆熟菱角、输送速度0.1 m/s、刀片转速1000 r/min,该参数下的平均切壳率为79.41%,平均菱仁损失率为9.82%。采用Box-Benhnken试验设计开展三因素二次回归正交组合试验,优化得到脱壳装置最优工作参数为:脆熟菱角、慢辊转速59 r/min,线速比1.5,验证试验的平均脱壳率为66.52%,平均菱仁破损率为12.83%。研究结果可为鲜菱角脱壳装备的研发提供参考。Water caltrop is one of the annual herbaceous aquatic vegetables in the Lower-and-Middle Section of theYangtze and Pearl River Delta region in China.There is the high nutritional and medicinal value of water caltrop.Among them,the stems and leaves can be used as the green manure or fodder,the petioles and the ripe fruits as the vegetables or starch,the fresh and tender flesh as the raw fruit,as well as the shell can be used to extract the functional ingredients,such as natural pigments.The kernel of water caltrop can also be fabricated into the popular cans,the pickled bags,and special commodities.Nevertheless,the kernel shelling can be the most difficult and the longest duration in the postharvest processing of water caltrop,including the cleaning,grading,shelling,and packaging.The current shelling of fresh water caltrop also depends mainly on the manual operation,due to the irregular shape,hard shell,and uneven surface.The manual shelling cannot fully meet the large-scale production in recent years,particularly for the high labor intensity,low efficiency,as well as the high damage rate with the perishable meat after damage,unfavorable storage and subsequent processing.It is still lacking on the automatic shelling machinery of water caltrop in China at present.More than 90%of the water caltrop products are the raw materials without shelling.A high demand can also be required for the kernel of water caltrop as the high value-added products.Therefore,it is of great significance to clarify the shelling mechanism and the mechanized production,especially with the increase of planting area and output of water caltrop industry.In this study,a clamping sheller was designed for the fresh water caltrop.The overall dimensions and mechanical performance parameters of the water caltrop were collected from the producing base in the Xishui County,Hubei Province,China.According to the configuration and working principle of the whole machine,the structural parameters of the key components were determined,such as the clamping pla

关 键 词：有限元法 参数优化 鲜菱角 脱壳 横切 

分 类 号：S226.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]