1981-2020年黄土旱塬区冬小麦田耗水组分特征及其影响  

Characteristics of the water consumption components of winter wheat fields and their effects in the Loess Plateau from 1981 to 2020

作　　者：贾建英 方锋 万信 韩兰英 王兴 周忠文 梁芸 王小巍 王帆 黄鹏程 Jia Jianying;Fang Feng;Wan Xin;Han Lanying;Wang Xing;Zhou Zhongwen;Liang Yun;Wang Xiaowei;Wang Fan;Huang Pengcheng(Lanzhou Regional Climate Center,Lanzhou 730020,China;Qingyang Meteorological Bureau,Qingyang 745000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州区域气候中心,兰州730020 [2]庆阳市气象局,庆阳745000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第19期78-86,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR10RA452);甘肃省气象局人才专项(2122rczx-英才计划-07)。

摘　　要：深入理解农田耗水组分特征对提高干旱地区作物产量和水资源利用效率具有重要意义。该研究利用1981-2020年西峰国家农业气象试验站冬小麦定位观测资料,分析黄土旱塬区冬小麦田耗水组分特征及年代际变化规律,并探究其对叶面积指数(Leaf Area Index,LAI)、干物质积累分配和转运、产量及水分利用效率(Water Use Efficiency,WUE)的影响。结果表明:近40年研究区冬小麦田全生育期耗水量平均为315 mm,生育期降水和休闲期土壤贮水消耗占比分别为69.4%和30.6%,不同年代、不同生育阶段耗水组分存在差异,起身-开花期是休闲期土壤贮水消耗的主要时期;随着年代际推移,LAI、干物质量、产量及WUE均呈现增加趋势,其中LAI增加主要受年际降水的调控作用,且与耗水组分中生育期内降水增加密切相关,而近10年(2011-2020年)受生育期降水增加及抗旱高产品种影响,冬小麦干物质量、产量及WUE显著增加(P<0.05)。研究成果可为黄土高原旱作农业水资源高效利用提供参考。Water consumption components can greatly contribute to crop yield and water resource utilization efficiency in arid regions.The Loess Plateau is located in the semi-arid climate region,which is an important dryland grain-producing area in China.Among them,the precipitation resource is the main agricultural water source in the crop fields.Winter wheat is one of the main grain crops in the dryland farming area in the Loess Plateau.Because of the uneven distribution of precipitation in time and space,drought occurs frequently in the main growing season,resulting in the low and unstable production level of winter wheat.This study aims to analyze the characteristics of water consumption components for winter wheat,in order to investigate the effects on the Leaf Area Index(LAI),yield,and Water Use Efficiency(WUE).The observation data of winter wheat was collected from 1981 to 2020 in the Xifeng State Agrometeorological Experimental Station in Gansu Province of China.The results showed that the average water consumption was 315 mm in the winter wheat fields over the past 40 years.The soil water was first converted from the precipitation during the growing season,accounting for 69.4%,and then consumed the soil water storage in the fallow period,accounting for 30.6%.The interannual precipitation greatly dominated the water consumption of winter wheat fields.Among them,the beginning of grow-flowering was the main supply period of soil water storage in the summer fallow period.As the years went by,the LAI,dry matter mass,yield,and WUE all showed an increasing trend.There was a power function relationship between the water consumption of winter wheat fields and the maximum LAI.The LAI was closely related to the interannual precipitation in the growth periods.However,the varieties had no significant effect on the LAI,but a significant effect was found on the dry matter mass.Dry matter mass accumulation and distribution were significantly correlated with the soil moisture before sowing,precipitation and water consumption durin

关 键 词：土壤 产量 耗水组分 土壤贮水 干物质积累和分配 水分利用效率(WUE) 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S162.5[农业科学—农业气象学]