秸秆过滤猪场废水及滤料与猪粪好氧堆肥研究  

Straw filtering wastewater and aerobic composting of filter residues and manure on a pig farm

作　　者：王丽丽[1,2] 孙东升 许雷 张婷婷 冯子阔[1] 姚义清 Wang Lili;Sun Dongsheng;Xu Lei;Zhang Tingting;Feng Zikuo;Yao Yiqing(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150030,China;College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业农村部生猪养殖设施工程重点实验室,哈尔滨150030 [3]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2022年第19期180-189,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金-区域创新发展联合基金项目(U21A20162);黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(GA21C024);黑龙江省博士后科研启动基金项目(LBH-Q19008)。

摘　　要：秸秆具有较大的比表面积,对猪场废水中悬浮固体及氮素等养分具有较好的截留及吸附特性,有助于猪场废水后续资源化利用,但过滤后秸秆滤料的高效再利用又成为新的研究热点。该研究利用玉米秸秆过滤猪场废水,研究过滤后的秸秆滤料与猪粪好氧堆肥效果,堆肥过程中碳、氮转化及有害气体的排放规律。结果表明:玉米秸秆过滤猪场废水最优工艺条件为:滤层容重为0.15 g/cm^(3),过滤管径为9 cm,装填高度为40 cm,此条件下猪场废水总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)、总悬浮固体和化学需氧量的去除率分别为22.80%、51.60%和76.81%。在初始C/N、环境温度、含水率、通风速率分别为20~35、22.32~32.05℃、65%、0.2 m^(3)/h条件下,初始C/N越高,堆肥效果越好,堆体总有机碳(Total Organic Carbon,TOC)损失越大,而TN损失越小,有害气体排放主要集中在堆肥前期;初始C/N为35时,最高堆体温度达65.96℃,高温期(>50℃)可维持21 d,其中60℃高温长达12 d,种子发芽指数和TOC、TN损失率分别为81.03%、57.73%和10.08%,虽然CH_(4)、CO_(2)排放有所增加,但NH_(3)、N_(2)O排放和氮素损失显著降低(P<0.05),CH_(4)、CO_(2)、N_(2)O 3种温室气体的温室效应影响潜值为137.53 kg/t(以CO_(2)为当量)。研究为秸秆滤料和猪粪的资源化利用及其好氧堆肥过程有害气体的减排提供基础依据。Pig-farm wastewater is characterized by high suspended solids,organic matter,and ammonia nitrogen content.It is very difficult to treat,due mainly to the complex composition of the pig manure and feed residues.Fortunately,the straw with a large specific surface area can be expected to serve as the better retention and adsorption for the suspended solids and nutrients.For example,nitrogen content decrease can be greatly contributed to the subsequent resource utilization of pig-farm wastewater.However,it is still a new challenge for the efficient reutilization of straw filter residues.Alternatively,aerobic composting can be used to produce the organic fertilizer for better soil fertility and structure,due to the easy operation,short reaction period,better reduction,cost saving,and environmentally friendly.It is a promising way to simultaneously dispose of straw filter residues and pig manure in an intensive pig farm.Compared with the dry straw,the filtered straw is easily decomposed to participate in the composting process,where the high porosity can facilitate to absorb the water and swells.Meanwhile,the composting process is accompanied by the emissions of greenhouse gases and stenches,such as methane(CH_(4)),carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),nitrous oxide(N_(2)O),and ammonia(NH_(3)),due to the complex composition of pig manure.Moreover,the composting microorganisms can quickly utilize the ammonium nitrogen that is adsorbed by the straw in the process of filtration.But the ammonium nitrogen is also easily volatilized to produce the NH3 for secondary pollution,leading to the reduced quality of compost due to nitrogen loss.However,it is still unclear on the relevant composting characteristics of the straw filter residues mixed with the pig manure.This study aims to filter the pig farm wastewater through maize straw and then systematically investigate the aerobic composting of straw filter residues and pig manure,the conversion of carbon and nitrogen during composting,as well as the emission of harmful gases.The results showed

关 键 词：秸秆 过滤 猪粪 好氧堆肥 猪场废水 C/N 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]