劳动法中加付赔偿金规则的检视与适用  

Re-examination and Application of the Rules on Liquidated Damages in Labour and Employment Law

作　　者：李满奎[1] 李富成 LI Man-kui;LI Fu-cheng(Southwest University of Political Science and Law,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学,重庆401120

出　　处：《西南政法大学学报》2022年第5期35-46,共12页Journal of Southwest University of Political Science and Law

摘　　要：我国劳动法中的加付赔偿金规则在演进过程中逐步确立了惩戒、激励、纠正等多重价值功能。劳动立法、相关司法解释以及规范性文件有关加付赔偿金的规定均存在规范冲突,造成法律适用困境。困境成因包括有关加付赔偿金的规范性文件繁杂且清理不及时,加付赔偿金的性质界定不清晰,劳动监察与劳动争议处理的功能混淆以及司法解释的解释对象不确定等。对此,需要在明确加付赔偿金具有惩罚性赔偿性质的基础上,采取适用《劳动合同法》第85条的裁判思路并加以调试,达到法律适用的统一;在未来,应当对加付赔偿金的争议处理方式、主观要件和适用情形进行立法修改。The rules regarding liquidated damages in labour and employment law have acquired various functions and values such as punishment,incentive,correction and so on in the course of evolution.The provisions in current laws,relevant judicial interpretations and various legal instruments,are conflicting with one another.The conflicts in legal provisions result in a dilemma in the application of the law.The underlying reasons include a lack of coordination among various legal instruments,the vague characterization of the nature of liquidated damages,and the uncertainty surrounding the subject of judicial interpretations.Therefore,we need first to identify liquidated damages as punitive damages,and then use Article 85 of Employment Contract Law as the basis of prevailing interpretation in the short term in order to achieve the harmonization of the application of the law.In the longer term,we need to make a legislative refinement to the dispute resolution component,subjective requirements,and scope of application regarding liquidated damages.

关 键 词：加付赔偿金 法律适用 规范冲突 惩罚性赔偿 

分 类 号：DF47[政治法律—民商法学]