加氢站风险分析及泄漏探测覆盖率评估  

Risk analysis and detector scenario coverage assessment of hydrogen refueling station

作　　者：王雅真 党文义 于安峰[1,2] 刘迪 邝辰[1,2] WANG Ya-zhen;DANG Wen-yi;YU An-feng;LIU Di;KUANG Chen(Research Institute of Safety Engineering Co.,Ltd.,China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China;State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中石化安全工程研究院有限公司,山东青岛266071 [2]化学品安全控制国家重点实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2022年第6期2971-2977,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：为提高加氢站火灾/气体探测系统(Fire and Gas System,F&GS)氢气泄漏探测覆盖率,结合国内某加氢站,建立了适用于典型加氢站的风险场景库,采用基于加氢站风险场景分析与计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)数值模拟相结合的方法,对现有氢气探测器覆盖率进行评估并提出优化措施。该方法包括3个步骤:1)基于加氢站风险分析建立代表性泄漏场景库;2)建立加氢站三维模型,针对泄漏场景进行气体扩散CFD数值模拟并计算分析探测器的有效性;3)计算场景覆盖率并提出优化措施。经过评估优化后的加氢站全厂性氢气探测覆盖率大幅提高,1ooN(从N中取1,N表示某区域内用于表决逻辑的探测器数量)探测率可达到94.4%。To improve the detection rate of the fire and gas system(F&GS)in hydrogen refueling stations and compensate for the insufficient hydrogen detectors arranged by space method,the risk scenario database containing most of the possible leakage risk is established for typical hydrogen refueling stations.A risk-based scenarios analysis and a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)numerical simulation method are used to evaluate the coverage rate of hydrogen detectors in a domestic hydrogen refueling station.The FLACS software is used for CFD numerical simulation.This methodology includes three steps:(1)establish a representative leakage scenario database based on the process characteristics and historical risk data of hydrogen refueling stations,which includes leakage location identification,leakage aperture selection,and environmental parameter collection,etc.;(2)simulate the hydrogen diffusing behavior for each scenario with the CFD model,and analyze the effectiveness of the detector by comparing the gas cloud concentration with the alarm threshold of the hydrogen detector;(3)calculate the detector scenario coverage of hydrogen refueling station and propose optimum measures.Hydrogen is much lighter than air.Its storage and operating pressure in hydrogen refueling stations are extremely high(30-45 MPa).The leakage and diffusion process of hydrogen is largely affected by the initial momentum,wind direction,and obstacles in the jet path.These factors should be fully considered during the hydrogen detector layout design and coverage calculation,therefore the scenario-based method is the best way for detector layout design and optimization in hydrogen refueling stations.It is recommended to use ultrasonic detectors as an effective supplement in the low-noise area of the hydrogen refueling station After evaluation and optimization,the full-plant detector scenario coverage is greatly improved,and 1 ooN(1 out of N,N represents the number of detectors used for voting logic in a certain area)rate could increase to 94.4%.

关 键 词：安全工程 火灾/气体探测系统 探测器覆盖率 加氢站 风险分析 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]