基于机载数据的飞行过程大气污染排放研究  

Study on air pollution emission of aircraft during flight based on flight data

作　　者：任强[1] 王立婕 姚婷玮 REN Qiang;WANG Li-jie;YAO Ting-wei(College of Air Traffic Management,Civil Aviation University of China,Tianjin 300300,China;Beijing Jiahe Engineering Design and Consulting Company Limited,Beijing 101318,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航大学空中交通管理学院,天津300300 [2]北京佳和工程设计咨询有限公司,北京101318

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2022年第6期3395-3402,共8页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目(3122016D025)。

摘　　要：民航飞机飞行过程中发动机会排放NO_(x)、SO_(2)、CO、未燃碳氢化合物(HC)及颗粒物(PM)等多种大气污染物,随着民航运输业的发展,机队规模的迅速扩大对环境影响日益严重。为精确评估飞行对于大气环境的影响,可利用飞机QAR(快速存取记录仪)获取精细化的飞机实际运行参数及实时大气环境参数,实现飞行过程中大气污染物排放量的计算。选取中国当前占比最高的A320飞机为典型机型,提取一段航程中的机载数据,基于波音修正模型和一次逼近方法,计算获得了飞行中NO_(x)、HC、SO_(2)、CO及PM实时排放因子及航程排放总量。结果表明,CO及HC排放因子变化趋势与推力相反,飞行中数值分别在0.48~1701.12 g/kg和0.03~0.56 g/kg;而NO_(x)排放因子的变化规律随发动机推力的升高而上升,数值在0.74~99.60 g/kg;PM排放因子变化幅度较小,在0.19~0.36 g/kg波动。在237.4 min的航程中,NO_(x)排放量最高,约为590.96 kg;SO_(2)、CO、PM及HC的排放总量分别为42.17 kg、12.46 kg、3.82 kg和0.75 kg。在本次航程的起降阶段,NO_(x)排放量约等于79辆重型柴油车行驶1 d的排放量,或相当于一辆重型柴油车行驶6770 km的排放量。During the flight of civil aircraft,the engine emits NO_(x),SO_(2),CO,HC(unburned hydrocarbons),PM(particulate matter),and other air pollutants.With the development of the civil aviation transportation industry,the rapid expansion of the aircraft fleet has an increasingly serious impact on the environment.To accurately evaluate the impact of flight on the atmospheric environment and correct the total emission deviation estimated by ICAO benchmark model,aircraft QAR(Quick Access Recorder)data can be used to obtain refined aircraft actual operation parameters and real-time atmospheric environment parameters,so as to achieve accurate calculation of air pollutant emission during flight.The A320 aircraft,which currently accounts for the highest percentage in China,is selected as a typical aircraft type,and the onboard QAR data during a flight is extracted.Based on the Boeing BM2 model,the emission indices of NO_(x),CO and HC in flight are corrected to the emission factors in a real-time meteorological environment,and the PM emission index is corrected based on the model of FOA 3.0,and the total emission of the flight is finally calculated.The results show that the changing trend of CO and HC emission factors is opposite to the thrust,with the values of 0.48-1701.12 g/kg and 0.03-0.56 g/kg respectively.While NO_(x)emission factor increases with increasing engine thrust,with the values of 0.74-99.60 g/kg.PM emission factor changes in a smaller range and the index of PM is in the range of 0.19-0.36 g/kg.During the 237.4-minute flight,NO_(x)emission was about 590.96 kg,which is the highest,while the total emissions of SO_(2),CO,PM and HC were 42.17 kg,12.46 kg,3.82 kg and 0.75 kg,respectively.During the takeoff and landing phase of this voyage,NO_(x)emissions are approximately equal to the emissions of 79 heavy-duty diesel vehicles driving for 1 day,or equivalent to one heavy-duty diesel vehicle driving 6770 km.After calculation and comparison,the actual pollutant emission in the LTO cycle stage obtained based on QAR data

关 键 词：环境工程学 大气污染物 排放清单 排放因子 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程]