垂直潜流人工湿地对农村污水的净化及微生物群落  

Performance of vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland to rural sewage and the analysis of microbial community

作　　者：周日宇 张弘弢 周明罗 李密 ZHOU Ri-yu;ZHANG Hong-tao;ZHOU Ming-luo;LI Mi(Yibin Collaborative Workstation of Nobel Laureate Team Member,Yibin University,Yibin 644000,Sichuan,China;Hejiang Public Inspection and Testing Center,Luzhou 646200,Sichuan,China;College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Yibin University,Yibin 644000,Sichuan,China;School of Environment and Resource,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]宜宾学院诺贝尔获奖专家联合工作站,四川宜宾644000 [2]合江县公共检验检测中心,四川泸州646200 [3]宜宾学院资源与环境工程学院,四川宜宾644000 [4]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2022年第6期3439-3447,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2021YFS0289)。

摘　　要：为解决农村生活污水直接排入自然环境所造成的水污染问题,提升河流污染防控水平和脆弱河流水质稳定性,根据农村分散式污水特征,综合考虑经济、高效和景观因素,选用悬浮球、沸石、陶粒、煤矸石、碎石和铁碳6种湿地填料,搭配美人蕉、吉祥草、鸢尾、再力花4种植物构建多级垂直潜流人工湿地系统。以该湿地系统为研究对象,研究其在室外动态条件下对污水中COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TP等污染物质的去除效果,并利用高通量测序手段探讨了湿地系统水流沿程上的各级单元微生物群落结构。结果表明:在0.2 m^(3)/(m^(2)·d)进水负荷下,湿地系统对水中COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N和TP均有较好的净化效果,去除率分别为84.38%,65.78%,74.67%,出水浓度稳定满足DB 51/2626—2019《农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放标准》二级标准。微生物测序显示各单元微生物群落结构在水流沿程上差异性并不显著,但在相对丰度上具有一定差异性,门分类水平上以变形菌门(Proleobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)为主,纲水平上以酸杆菌纲(Acidobacteria-6)和α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteri)占优势,属水平上以硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、红游动菌属(Rhodoplanes)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)为主。这些优势菌属对湿地系统降解COD、NH_(4)^(+)-N、TP等污染物起着重要作用。To solve water pollution caused by the rural domestic sewage without treatment,improve river pollution prevention controlling and the stability of fragile river water quality,a multi-stage vertical subsurface flow wetland system was constructed based on the decentralization characteristics of rural wastewater and some factors like economy,efficiency,and landscape.In the wetland system,six kinds of fillers were matched including suspended balls,zeolite,ceramsite,coal gangue,gravel and iron-carbon,together with four kinds of plants involving Canna glauca,Reineckea carnea,Rrises and Thalia dealbata.We considered the multilevel vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland system flow as the research object.Then we researched the removal efficiency of COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N and TP in rural domestic sewage under dynamic outdoor conditions in outdoor.In addition,the microbial community structure of each unit along the flow path of the wetland system was studied in this thesis through high-throughput sequencing technology.The study shows that the wetland system has a good purification effect on COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N and TP under a hydraulic load of the condition of 0.2 m^(3)/(m^(2)·d).The removal rates are 84.38%,65.78%and 74.67%,respectively.The effluent concentration can steadily meet the secondary standard of Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Facilities(DB 51/2626—2019).Microbial sequencing displays that there is no striking difference in dominant microorganisms among each unit along with the flow in the wetland system,but there is a certain difference in relative abundance.At the phylum level,Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria are the main microbial flora,and Acidobacteria-6 and Alphaproteobacteria are dominant at the class level.Meanwhile,the dominant genera are Nitrospira,Arthrobacter and Rhodoplanes.These dominant microbial communities play an important role in the degradation of COD,NH_(4)^(+)-N,TP and other pollutants in the combined wetland system.

关 键 词：环境工程学 农村生活污水 垂直潜流人工湿地 水质净化 微生物优势菌群 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]