药用植物资源在水产动物疾病控制中的研究进展  

Research Progress of Medicinal Plant Resources in Aquatic Animal Diseases Control

作　　者：胡洋 张旭[1,2,3] 王欢 单立鹏[1,2] 刘镭 陈炯 HU Yang;ZHANG Xu;WANG Huan;SHAN Li-peng;LIU Lei;CHEN Jiong(State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of AgroProducts,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;School of Marine Sciences,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315832,China;Wuxi Tianxiangju Biotechnology Research Institute Co.,LTD,Wuxi 214200,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,宁波315211 [2]宁波大学海洋学院,宁波315832 [3]无锡天香菊生物科技研究院有限公司,无锡214200

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2022年第11期43-58,共16页China Biotechnology

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金(LQ22C190002);宁波市自然科学基金(2021J117);宁波市公益计划(2021S058)资助项目。

摘　　要：随着生活水平的不断提高,人们对水产品的需求量日益增加,水产养殖业得到飞速发展。然而,各种寄生虫、细菌和病毒诱发的疾病给水产养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,严重制约了水产养殖业的快速稳定发展。作为传统的防治手段,抗生素等化学合成药物常用于水产养殖过程。大量化学合成药物的滥用诱发了药物残留、耐药菌等环境污染问题,危害人类健康。因此,具有多种有效活性成分的中草药因其天然、安全、副作用小等原因,成为探索新型防控水产病害暴发手段的研究对象。当前,中草药常被用于调节水产动物的免疫力、生长速度和预防疾病暴发等。同时,中草药还可用于改善养殖环境,降低环境因子对水产动物的胁迫。然而,目前的研究主要集中在从中草药中获取防控疾病暴发的复合有效成分,存在药效不稳定、活性成分不明确等问题,无法满足生产高效、廉价、稳定防治剂的需求。论述了当前中草药在防控水产动物疾病暴发中的应用及其作用机制,揭示了对中草药活性分子作用机制研究的不足,强调了中草药作为一种更环保、更有效的水产养殖疾病防控手段进行应用的潜力,对其抗病机制的深入研究尤为重要。With the continuous improvement of living standards,people’s demand for aquatic products is increasing day by day,and the rapid development of the industry has become one of the fastest growing food production sectors worldwide.However,various diseases induced by parasites,bacteria and viruses have caused huge economic losses to aquaculture industry,which seriously restrict the rapid and stable development of the industry.As a traditional means of control,synthetic drugs such as antibiotics are often used in aquaculture processes.The abuse of a large number of chemosynthetic drugs induces drug residues,drug-resistant bacteria and other environmental pollution problems,endangering human health.Therefore,Chinese herbal medicine with a variety of effective active ingredients has become the research object for exploring new means of prevention and control of aquatic disease outbreak due to its natural,safe and small side effects.At present,Chinese herbal medicine is often used to regulate the immunity of aquatic animals,growth rate and prevent disease outbreaks.At the same time,it can also be used to improve the aquaculture environment and reduce the stress of environmental factors on aquatic animals.However,current studies mainly focus on obtaining compound active ingredients for disease outbreak prevention and control from Chinese herbal medicine,which are unstable in efficacy and unclear in active ingredients,and cannot meet the production needs of in-depth exploration of efficient,cheap and stable prevention and control agents.This paper discusses the application and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine in prevention and control of aquatic animal disease outbreak,and reveals the insufficiency of the mechanism research on active molecules of Chinese herbal medicine.In conclusion,this paper highlights the potential of Chinese herbal medicine to be used as a more environmentally friendly and effective means of disease control and prevention in aquaculture,and the in-depth study of its resistance mechanism is parti

关 键 词：中草药 活性成分 抗生素 免疫增强剂 水产病害 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]