呋咱环构建策略及其含能化合物合成研究进展  

Research progress on construction strategy of a furazan ring and synthesis of its energetic compounds

作　　者：折巍青 翟连杰 霍欢[2,3] 黄洁[1] 王伯周 SHE Weiqing;ZHAI Lianjie;HUO Huan;HUANG Jie;WANG Bozhou(Northwest University,Xi’an 710069,China;Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute,Xi’an 710065,China;State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemicals,Xi’an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学,西安710069 [2]西安近代化学研究所,西安710065 [3]氟氮化工资源高效开发与利用国家重点实验室,西安710065

出　　处：《兵器装备工程学报》2022年第12期89-99,共11页Journal of Ordnance Equipment Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21805224)。

摘　　要：呋咱环是一种具有高氮含量、高生成焓及热安定性好的含能结构单元,可设计、合成系列新型含能化合物。介绍了以乙二肟或氧化呋咱为原料构建呋咱环的2种主要方法,探讨了呋咱环化反应机理,并简单评价了其优劣。利用呋咱环上不同取代基的反应特点,综述了单呋咱、偶氮桥、氧桥及稠环呋咱等含能化合物的合成,同时重点介绍了性能优异的典型含能化合物的物化与爆轰性能。目前呋咱环的构建过程存在制备成本高、产率不理想等问题,阻碍了呋咱含能化合物在军事领域的应用,需对其合成工艺路线持续改进,以期获得低成本、高产率的合成方法。A furazan ring is an energetic structural unit with high nitrogen content, high formation enthalpy and good thermal stability, which can design and synthesize a series of new energetic compounds. This paper mainly introduces two main methods of constructing a furazan ring from glyoxime or furoxan, discusses the cyclization mechanism of furazan, and simply evaluates its advantages and disadvantages. Based on the reaction characteristics of different substituents on a furazan ring, the synthesis of furazan energetic compounds such as monofurazan, azo bridged furazan, oxygen bridged furazan and fused furazan are reviewed in detail. At the same time, the physicochemical properties and detonation performances of typical energetic compounds with excellent properties are also introduced. At present, there are some problems in the synthesis process of a furazan ring, such as high preparation cost and unsatisfactory yield, which hinders the application of furazan energetic compounds in the military field. It is necessary to continuously improve the synthesis process of a furazan ring in order to obtain a synthesis method with low cost and high yield.

关 键 词：呋咱环 含能化合物 合成 物化与爆轰性能 进展 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术]