“社会车辆加盟模式”下网约车平台侵权责任的法律适用  

On the Legal Application of Tort Liability of Online Car-hailing Platforms Under“Social Vehicle Franchise Mode”

作　　者：应梵 YING Fan(School of Law,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第1期115-123,共9页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：浙江省软科学研究计划资助项目(2019C35067)。

摘　　要：网约车平台的法律关系类型复杂且多样,平台与司机间法律关系的差异直接影响侵权责任的认定与承担。现阶段关于网约车侵权纠纷的裁判思路为通过判断平台与司机之间劳动关系的存在与否以决定是否适用《民法典》第1191条追究平台在侵权纠纷中的用人单位责任。但该分析框架仅适用于“自有车辆直接雇佣模式”与“租赁车代驾模式”,“社会车辆加盟模式”下的网约车平台与司机间并不成立劳动关系。基于“社会车辆加盟模式”下法律关系的特点,网约车平台应当适用违反安全保障义务的责任而承担相应的责任。这种“相应的责任”,可根据《电子商务法》规定的平台违反安全保障义务的具体责任形态确定为补充责任,特定情形下也可能构成连带责任。The legal relationship of online car-hailing platforms is complex and diverse.The differences in the legal relationship between platform companies and drivers directly affect the determination and assumption of tort liability.Currently,the adjudication path on the infringement disputes of online car-hailing is to judge the existence of the labor relationship between the platform and the driver.The result will determine whether Article 1191 of Civil Code should be applied to make the platform bear the liability of the employer in the infringement disputes.However,this analysis method is only applicable to“direct employment mode”and“rental-car mode”.The online car-hailing platforms under social vehicle mode do not have a labor relationship with the drivers.Based on the characteristics of the legal relationship under the“social vehicle franchise mode”,the online car-hailing platform should assume the corresponding responsibility for violating the security obligations.Such“corresponding liability”can be determined as a supplementary liability according to specific liability forms of platforms for violating security obligations as stipulated in the E-commerce Law,and may also constitute joint liability under certain circumstances.

关 键 词：网约车平台 侵权责任 用人单位责任 安全保障义务 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]