3ZFD-440型玉米大垄双行动力中耕追肥机设计与试验  

Design and experiment of 3ZFD-440 cultivator-fertilizer machine with double row power of large ridge for corn

作　　者：吴家安[1] 李向军[1] 常传义 高明宇[1] 刘恩宏[1] Wu Jiaan;Li Xiangjun;Chang Chuanyi;Gao Mingyu;Liu Enhong(Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science,Harbin,150028,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市农业科学院,哈尔滨市150028

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2023年第1期69-76,共8页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：吉林省教育厅科学发展技术项目(20190301023NY)。

摘　　要：针对我国玉米大垄双行栽培技术缺少复式中耕联合作业机具的问题,设计适配于118.4~154.4 kW系列拖拉机的3ZFD-440型玉米大垄双行动力中耕追肥机。该机具一次作业可完成垄沟碎土除草、垄底深松、多苗带侧深施肥、垄台培土等多项工作。根据玉米大垄双行中耕作业的农艺要求,通过理论计算和试验分析完成施肥系统、碎土除草部件、导流式培土器的设计。碎土刀选用凿形直刀,回转半径为235 mm,刀片厚度为10 mm,碎土刀入土夹角选择35°,刃口宽度为2 mm,侧刃长度10 mm;采用导流式培土器,基础元线角为32°、导曲线切线与垂直面夹角为30°、导曲线切线与垂直面夹角增量为5°、导曲线半径为248 mm。田间试验结果表明:该机具在作业时能充分发挥大功率拖拉机的动力优势,作业时垄台台顶宽度变异系数为1.64%,垄台深度变异系数为4.34%;导流式培土器性能稳定,作业后垄形规范。碎土率为91.7%;垄沟沟底浮土厚度为4.6 cm;排肥一致性变异系数为3.1%,完全达到设计要求和国家标准。Aiming at the problem of the lack of compound medium tillage combined operation equipment in the double row cultivation technology of corn large ridge in China,a 3ZFD-440 type corn large ridge double row power intertillage topdressing machine suitable for 118.4-154.4 kW series tractors was designed.The machine can complete the ridge ditch broken soil weeding,ridge bottom subsoiling,multi-seedling side deep fertilization,ridge culture and other work.According to the agronomic requirements of tillage in large ridge and double row of maize,the design of fertilization system,broken soil and weeding components,and diversion soil cultivator was completed through theoretical calculation and experimental analysis.The soil crushing knife is selected as a chisel straight knife,with a rotary radius of 235 mm,a blade thickness of 10 mm,a soil crushing knife angle of 35°,a blade width of 2 mm,and a side blade length of 10 mm.The diversion type soil cultivator is adopted,and the basic element line angle is 32°,the angle between the tangent of the guide curve and the vertical plane is 30°,the increment of the angle between the tangent of the guide curve and the vertical plane is 5°,and the radius of the guide curve is 248 mm.The field test results show that the machine can give full play to the power advantage of high power tractor in operation,the variation coefficient of ridge top width is 1.64%,and the variation coefficient of ridge depth is 4.34%.The performance of diversion type soil cultivator is stable,and the ridge shape is standardized after operation.The rate of broken soil is 91.7%;the thickness of bottom soil is 4.6 cm.The coefficient of variation of fertilizer consistency is 3.1%,which fully meets the design requirements and national standards.

关 键 词：玉米大垄双行:栽培技术 机械中耕施肥 碎土除草 垄上培土 

分 类 号：S224[农业科学—农业机械化工程]