深海热液区底栖生态环境探测技术研究进展  

Review of Hydrothermal Area Benthic Ecosystem Observation Technology

作　　者：陈宁特 韩沉花 郑旻辉 周建平 CHEN Ningte;HAN Chenhua;ZHENG Minhui;ZHOU Jianping(Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;Key Laboratory of Ocean Observation Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources,Tianjin 300112,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州310012 [2]自然资源部海洋观测技术重点实验室,天津300112

出　　处：《海洋技术学报》2022年第6期66-75,共10页Journal of Ocean Technology

基　　金：自然资源部海洋观测技术重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2021klootA08);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资金资助项目(JG2218);浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LY18D060005);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资金资助项目(JG1521)。

摘　　要：针对热液区生态科学研究和海底硫化物可持续开采所需的底栖生态环境探测,本文阐述了热液区的生态环境特点,以及热液区多金属硫化物开采存在的潜在环境问题。之后,归纳海底取样和光学影像调查等常用方法并指出存在调查点原有生态的破坏问题。梳理国内外发展的光学类和化学类深海原位生态环境探测传感器及国内投入海洋科考的深海着陆原位探测平台。对比当前应用于海洋发声物种识别的模式识别算法,分析虾蟹类栖息地声信号的探测方法。最后,对降低取样及影像调查对环境的影响、深海生态环境原位探测传感器的性能优化和虾蟹类栖息地生境声学探测技术等进行展望。本文将为热液区底栖生态环境探测方法研究提供参考。For the benthic ecological environment observation of ecological research in the hydrothermal zone and sustainable exploitation of seabed sulfide,this paper introduces the ecological environment characteristics of the hydrothermal area and illustrates the potential environmental problems which are caused by the polymetallic sulfides mining in the hydrothermal area.The common survey methods such as seabed sampling and optical imaging are summarized.However,these methods may destroy the original ecology in the survey area.Then,we sort out the optical and chemical sensors for the deep-sea in-situ ecological environment detection,as well as the deep-sea landing in-situ detection platform.Also,the current pattern recognition algorithms for marine vocal species identification are compared,and the method of detecting the acoustic signal of shrimp and crab habitats is discussed.In the end,we review the reduction of the influence by the sampling and image survey on the environment,and prospect the performance optimization of in situ detection sensors for the deep-sea ecological environment and acoustic detection technology for shrimp and crab habitats.This paper will provide a reference for the study of benthic ecological environment detection methods in hydrothermal areas.

关 键 词：热液 底栖生态环境 原位探测 声学探测 

分 类 号：P71[天文地球—海洋科学]