中国海洋水色业务卫星揭示我国近海溢油污染状况  

Oil spills in China Seas revealed by the national ocean color satellites

作　　者：刘建强[1,2] 陆应诚 丁静[1,2] 锁子易[3] 梁超 Jianqiang Liu;Yingcheng Lu;Jing Ding;Ziyi Suo;Chao Liang(National Satellite Ocean Application Service,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100081,China;International Institute for Earth System Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫星海洋应用中心,北京100081 [2]自然资源部空间海洋遥感与应用重点实验室,北京100081 [3]南京大学国际地球系统科学研究所,南京210023

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第33期3997-4008,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42071387,41771376);中欧科技合作“龙计划”五期合作项目(59310)资助。

摘　　要：溢油是海洋环境监测的重点对象.光学遥感能为海洋溢油的精细化监测提供技术支持,实现不同溢油污染类型的识别分类与量化估算.开展海洋溢油光学遥感业务化应用,光学载荷不仅要有高空间分辨率、高信噪比、大辐射动态范围等技术特点,还要满足大幅宽、高时间分辨率等要求.中国自主研发的海洋水色业务卫星——海洋一号C/D(Haiyang-1C/D, HY-1C/D)卫星,搭载有适宜于溢油监测的海岸带成像仪(coastal zone imager, CZI),双星组网后能为中国近海环境监测提供3 d两次的观测数据,具备开展溢油业务化监测应用的能力.本研究基于HY-1C/D卫星CZI载荷近3年观测数据,利用研发的国产海洋水色业务卫星溢油监测算法,对中国近海及相关海域开展溢油光学遥感监测与分析. HY-1C/D卫星CZI数据能有效识别不同耀光反射条件下的非乳化油膜与乳化油等溢油污染类型,为溢油类型鉴别提供新的参考.研究结果阐明了中国近海溢油污染状况,近3年来共监测到溢油事件57次,渤海、黄海、南海是溢油发生的主要海域,部分地区近海环境监管压力较大. HY-1C/D卫星对中国近海溢油具有大范围、高频次、动态监测能力,能识别不同溢油污染类型及面积,有利于溢油污染类型判定与溢油量估算,提高了海洋溢油监测精度,为中国海洋环境监测提供可靠的卫星数据支持.Oil spill is one of the key targets in marine environment monitoring. In the process of weathering(e.g., spreading, drift,emulsification, evaporation, dispersion, and biological degradation), various weathered oils with different visual characteristics can form, such as non-emulsified oil slicks, water-in-oil(WO) emulsions and oil-in-water(OW) emulsions.Timely and accurate information about the spatial coverage, concentration, and thickness of various oil types is important for the recovery and cleanup. Satellite observation can serve as an effective technique for the detection and monitoring of spilled oils. Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) and optical remote sensing are the most-frequently used techniques. SAR provides data under all-weather conditions, but it is often restricted to presence/absence detection without classifying oil types. Passive optical remote sensing is another popular tool as it is able to classify different weathered oils and quantify the thickness, concentration, or volume of them.The operational monitoring of marine oil spills via remote sensing requires optical sensors for wide coverage, high spatial resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR), large radiative dynamic range, and short revisit period. Haiyang-1C(HY-1C) and Haiyang-1D(HY-1D), launched on 7 September 2018 and 11 June 2020, are the first operational ocean color satellites of China. They are equipped with five sensors, including Chinese ocean color and temperature scanner(COCTS),coastal zone imager(CZI), ultraviolet imager(UVI), calibration spectrometer, and automatic identification system. The integrated imaging system composed of HY-1C/D sensors can provide more frequent observations. Particularly, the CZI sensors onboard, which have a spatial resolution of 50 m with high SNR, and ensure double coverage in China Seas every three days, have demonstrated excellent performance in optical remote sensing of marine oil spills;thus, they can be used for the operational monitoring of oil spills.The results indicate that 57 oil spill

关 键 词：海洋一号C/D卫星 海岸带成像仪 中国近海 海洋溢油 光学遥感 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]