全国产氦液化器的性能调控优化研究及其工程化应用  

The performance regulation optimization and engineering application of a domestic helium liquefier

作　　者：潘薇[1] 杨少柒[1] 谢秀娟[1] 徐向东[1] 路飞飞 王云龙 刘立强[1] 龚领会[1] Wei Pan;Shaoqi Yang;Xiujuan Xie;Xiangdong Xu;Feifei Lu;Yunlong Wang;Liqiang Liu;Linghui Gong(State Key Laboratory of Technologies in Space Cryogenic Propellants,Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院理化技术研究所,航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室,北京100190

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第33期4009-4016,共8页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重大科研装备研制项目(ZDYZ2014-1);航天低温推进剂技术国家重点实验室开放研究课题(SKLTSCP202011)资助。

摘　　要：超导磁体一般工作在液氦温区(–269℃),需要稳定可靠的冷源为其提供保障.为满足未来高能量粒子对撞机所需高场强超导二极磁体研究的测试需求,本文针对自主研制的国内首台全国产氦液化器开展了性能调控优化研究,分别实现了冷箱和液氦杜瓦降温过程的优化控制,节省压缩机功耗分别为12.3%和25.2%,显著提高了氦液化器的经济性.在此基础上,针对用户现场不同运行工况,实现了氦液化器适应变负荷的自动控制调节功能.分析了氦液化器在各负荷状态下的运行能耗;在不考虑液氮消耗的前提下,氦液化器最低能耗为2.4 kW h/L.通过调控优化及实验测试,成功实现了氦液化器与用户端磁体测试平台的联合运行,并通过了全国产氦液化器的长时间运行可靠性测试,满足了磁体测试系统对其低温制冷系统在稳定性和可靠性方面的要求.目前,该氦液化器已累计稳定运行超过两个月,生产液氦超过35000 L,推动首台国产化加速器高场强超导二极磁体取得了12.47 T磁场强度新指标的突破.这是全国产氦液化器首次应用于超导二极磁体测试平台,该工程应用未来可进行进一步推广.The superconducting magnets and the superconducting cavities are the key devices of large-scale scientific facilities, such as the HL-LHC in the CERN, the ITER, the EAST, the Ci ADS, and so on. A stable and reliable cold source such as the liquid helium(–269℃) is required to keep the superconducting magnets and the superconducting cavities working.Therefore, a helium liquefier or a helium refrigerator working at 4.5 K is necessary for them. Research on high-fieldstrength superconducting dipole magnets used in future high-energy particle colliders is developed in the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. High-field-strength superconducting dipole magnets have large thermal loads and long test durations, which need large amount of liquid helium for their performance tests. Therefore, the long-term operating economy, stability, and reliability of the refrigeration system are highly required. The engineering application of using a helium liquefier for producing liquid helium to cool down superconducting dipole magnets has not been realized in China yet. Meanwhile, the price of the imported helium liquefiers is usually too high and the supply cycles are too long. Fortunately, a domestic helium liquefier has been developed by the Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper will realize the engineering application of the domestic helium liquefier applied to the superconducting dipole magnet test platform for the first time. In order to meet the test requirements of high-field-strength superconducting dipole magnets, a performance regulation and optimization of the first domestic helium liquefier is studied. It realizes the optimal control of the cold-box cooling process and the Dewar cooling process,saves the power consumption of the compressor by 12.3% and 25.2% respectively, and significantly improves the economy of the helium liquefier. After the commissioning of the liquefier, the helium liquefier realizes the automatic control adjust

关 键 词：全国产氦液化器 超导磁体测试平台 降温过程优化控制 变负荷自动控制调节 高场强超导二极磁体 

分 类 号：TM26[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TQ116.41[电气工程—电工理论与新技术]