玉米野生近缘种属研究利用进展  

Advances in research and utilization of maize wild relatives

作　　者：李影正 严旭[2] 李晓锋 程榆林 李万松 徐璐璐 何建美 荣廷昭[1] 唐祈林[1] Yingzheng Li;Xu Yan;Xiaofeng Li;Yulin Cheng;Wansong Li;Lulu Xu;Jianmei He;Tingzhao Rong;Qilin Tang(Maize Research Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Sericulture Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchong 637000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学玉米研究所,成都611130 [2]四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所,南充637000

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第36期4370-4387,共18页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32272035);四川省科技计划(2022NSFSC0167,2021NZZJ0009);四川省“十四五”农作物及畜禽育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0013-3);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川玉米创新团队(sccxtd-2020-02)资助。

摘　　要：作物的近缘野生种质遗传多样性是作物遗传育种家应对气候变化、虫害和病害等胁迫的不可或缺资源.玉米(Zea mays)的野生近缘种属主要指玉蜀黍属中的大刍草种和摩擦禾属(Tripsacum L.),它们蕴涵着栽培玉米不具有的耐盐、耐冷和抗病虫等优良特性,对扩大玉米种质的遗传基础和改进目前生产运用的玉米杂交种的特异性状具有重大意义.本文对大刍草和摩擦禾种质资源的系统分化、植物生态地理学属性、可杂交性和居群间的基因流动、基因组学数据、重要性状的基因定位克隆及育种应用进行了系统论述,并对未来如何高效保存与利用这些遗传资源、发掘新基因和高效种质创新利用进行了展望,旨在为玉米近缘野生资源多样性的了解和利用远缘杂交进行玉米遗传改良提供参考.Maize(Zea mays ssp.mays,2n=2x=20),which belongs to the Zea genera of the Maydeae tribe of the Gramineae family,is an important crop in guaranteeing national food security due to its high grain yield,forage yield and nutritive value for human food and animal feed as well as its use as an industrial material.The development and application of hybrid breeding,generous use of pesticides and fertilizers,and continuous improvement of cultivation techniques have greatly improved the yield of maize in the past several decades.However,this growth in yield has been declining.Meanwhile,the occurrence of recent extreme weather events threatens maize production.In addition,due to prevailing crop breeding practices,yield-related traits have been focused on by plant breeders,which led to narrowing genetic diversity of maize germplasm,severe cultivar homogeneity,and poor resistance to biotic and abiotic stress.Therefore,it is of the utmost importance to cultivate newer maize varieties that are highly adaptable to unfavorable environments,along with high yielding and excellent quality.Crop wild relatives(CWRs)appear promising in enhancing the genetic diversity of cultivated crops.The wild relatives of maize,such as teosinte and Tripsacum L.,contain abundant genetic variation and excellent resistance to salt,cold,disease,and insect.They are a treasure for maize breeding and mining excellent exogenous gene resources.In this review,we will first discuss the phylogeny and cross-compatibility of maize and its wild relatives.Although previous studies have investigated the phylogeny and cross-compatibility of maize,teosinte and Tripsacum L.in detail,the phylogeny and cross-compatibility of maize and its wild relatives have recently been further clarified based on phenotypic,molecular geographic,and genomic evidence.Secondly,we will describe the advances in genomics of maize and its wild relatives.Over the past decade,reference genome or transcriptome sequences have been obtained for numerous crops.However,genomic studies of CWRs have tr

关 键 词：作物野生近缘种属 遗传多样性 玉米 大刍草 摩擦禾 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]