论湖泊重要性及我国湖泊面临的主要生态环境问题  

Importance and main ecological and environmental problems of lakes in China

作　　者：张运林[1] 秦伯强[1] 朱广伟[1] 宋春桥 邓建明[1] 薛滨[1] 龚志军[1] 王晓龙[1] 吴敬禄[1] 施坤[1] 谷孝鸿[1] 张甘霖 Yunlin Zhang;Boqiang Qin;Guangwei Zhu;Chunqiao Song;Jianming Deng;Bin Xue;Zhijun Gong;Xiaolong Wang;Jinglu Wu;Kun Shi;Xiaohong Gu;Ganlin Zhang(State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《科学通报》2022年第30期3503-3519,共17页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41930760,41621002,41922005,41790423)资助。

摘　　要：湖泊(含水库,下同)是大地明珠,是陆地表层系统最基本的地理单元,也是地表水资源的重要载体,与人类生产与生活息息相关.据研究,全球天然湖泊面积为4.20×10~6km^(2),占陆地面积3.0%,其中0.01 km^(2)以上的湖泊有2.66×10^(7)个,面积为3.51×10^(6)km^(2);同时0.01 km^(2)以上的蓄水水库有5.15×10^(5)个.Lakes including reservoirs are sensitive to global environmental change and human activities in the basin.They are sensitive sentinels and regulators of global environmental change and regional climate.Meanwhile,lakes are important constituent of“landscape,forest,farmland,lake,grassland and sand”life community.Remote sensing monitoring showed that there were 2670 lakes(≥1 km^(2))with a total water area of 80662.4 km^(2),and 5156 reservoirs(≥1 km^(2))with a total water area of 39697.1 km^(2)in China in 2020.China Water Statistical Yearbook 2021 showed that the number and storage capacity of completed reservoirs increased from 86822 to 98566,and from 416.9 to 930.6 km^(3)from 1980 to 2020.Therefore,there is a total lakes and reservoirs area of 120359.5 km^(2),but only accounting for 1.25%of China’s land area.Although the area of lakes and their proportion of land area are very limited,lakes play a vital role in ensuring the ecological civilization construction and promoting the economic and social development of the basin.Unfortunately,the importance and ecological service values of lakes are seriously underestimated and lack the real quantification.Therefore,this study systematically explores and quantifies the importance and ecological services of lakes in China from seven different perspectives.First,lakes are the most and the best centralized drinking water sources(CDWSs)contributing 40.6%of the CDWSs vs.river(30.8%)and groundwater(28.6%),and act as the backbone of the safety of drinking water in China based on 1093 CDWSs from 340prefecture-level cities and 55 county-level cities(population≥1 million).Second,lakes have important regulation and storage functions and play a key role in flood control and drought resistance.Based on the national lake survey data,the total amount of water regulation of natural lakes(≥1 km^(2))is close to 150 km3.Meanwhile,the joint operation of the Yangtze River Basin in 2021 indicated a total regulation capacity of 106.6 km3and a total flood control capacity of about

关 键 词：天然湖泊 地表水资源 生态环境问题 地理单元 重要载体 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]