铀的价态分析研究进展  

Research Progress of Uranium Valence Analysis

作　　者：罗明标[1] 董云雅 康长安 李咸宇 王为民 LUO Mingbiao;DONG Yunya;KANG Chang’an;LI Xianyu;WANG Weimin(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330013,China;Jiangxi Environmental Monitoring Center Station,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330039,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]江西省环境监测中心站,江西南昌330039

出　　处：《铀矿地质》2023年第1期153-162,共10页Uranium Geology

基　　金：中国铀业有限公司-东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室联合创新基金项目(编号:NRE2021-016)资助。

摘　　要：铀是一种地壳中常见且重要的战略变价金属元素,主要用于核电供能、医学治疗、核武器防御等领域,大部分铀资源来源于矿石,铀价态反映了铀矿化的理化环境,铀的迁移富集、成矿规律和赋存状态都与价态相关,因此分析铀价态是十分有必要的。文章归纳总结了铀价态的有关分析方法和特点,依据是否进行铀价态分离操作,将方法划分为两类:分离测定分析法和直接测定法,详细综述了各种方法的分析原理,定性定量分析的依据,主要讨论了方法在测定矿物岩石中铀价态的应用。分离测定分析法主要有滴定法、分光光度法和极谱法,操作简单,但主要缺点是前处理过程中铀价态易受试剂影响和空气氧化。直接测定法包括循环伏安法、X射线光电子能谱、X射线吸收近边结构谱、漫反射光谱和电子能量损失谱,其优点是不需进行耗时的化学前处理,分析速度快,不损伤样品性能,是测定铀价态的主要方向。最后对测定铀价态方法进行了总结,并对发展方向进行了展望。Uranium is a common but important strategic variable valence metal element in the earth’s crust,which is mainly used in nuclear power supply,medical treatment, nuclear weapons defense and other fields. Most of the uranium resources come from ores. The valence state of uranium reflects the physical and chemical environment of uranium mineralization. The migration and enrichment,metallogenic regularity and occurrence state of uranium are related to uranium valence state. Therefore,it is necessary to analyze the valence state of uranium. In this paper,the relevant analysis methods and characteristics of uranium valence state were summarized. According to whether the separation operation of uranium valence state is carried out or not,the methods are divided into two categories:separation determination analysis method and direct determination method. The analysis principle of various methods and the basis of qualitative and quantitative analysis were reviewed in detail. The application of the method in the determination of uranium valence state in mineral rocks was mainly discussed. The separation and determination analysis methods mainly include titration, spectrophotometry and polarography. The operation is simple, but the main disadvantage is that the valence state of uranium in the pretreatment process is easily affected by reagents and air oxidation. Direct determination methods include cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. The advantages of direct determination methods are time-saveing chemical pretreatment,fast analysis speed, and non damage to the sample. It is the main direction for the determination of uranium valence state.Finally, the determination methods of uranium valence state were summarized, and the development direction was prospected.

关 键 词：铀 价态 分离测定 直接测定 研究进展 

分 类 号：P619.14[天文地球—矿床学]