《高分子物理实验》教学中综合探究性实验的设计——以“偏光显微镜法观察聚合物的球晶形态并测定球晶的径向生长速率”为例  

The Design of Comprehensive and Exploratory Experiment in the Teaching Practice of Polymer Physics Experiment——with the Case Study from“Observing the Morphology of Polymer Spherulite and Measuring the Radial Growth Rate of Spherulite by Polarizing Optical Microscope”

作　　者：曹新秀 樊慧 张啸辰 廖博 刘清泉 CAO Xin-xiu;FAN Hui;ZHANG Xiao-chen;LIAO Bo;LIU Qing-quan(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan 41120l,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学材料科学与工程学院,湘潭411201

出　　处：《高分子通报》2023年第3期390-394,共5页Polymer Bulletin

基　　金：湖南科技大学教学改革项目(2021);湖南省教学改革项目(HNJG-2020-0515)。

摘　　要：“偏光显微镜法观察聚合物的球晶形态并测定球晶的径向生长速率”是一个经典的高分子物理实验。在传统的教学中,此实验为验证性实验,内容比较简单、枯燥。我们以此实验为基础,设计了包括配置溶液、制备薄膜和研究结晶过程在内的综合探究性实验。主要改进之处包括:(1)通过旋涂法制膜,解决了样品均匀性和稳定性的问题;(2)利用原位热台和电荷耦合器件(CCD)成像系统提高实验结果的精准性;(3)用实验的方式帮助学生理解高分子物理教材上的知识,锻炼学生学以致用的能力;(4)鼓励学生自由探究,并提供实验条件和实验指导,培养学生学习兴趣,提高学生发现问题和解决问题的能力。本实验内容不仅可用于《高分子物理》实验教学,还可拓展至《综合设计性实验》和《毕业论文》等课程。“Observing the morphology of polymer spherulite and measuring the radial growth rate of spherulite by polarizing optical microscope” is a classic experiment item in polymer physics experiment. In the conventional teaching process, this item is just a proof experiment, and the content is relatively simple and boring. On the basis of this classic experiment item, we designed a comprehensive and exploratory experiment whose main content includes the dissolving of polymers, the preparation of films and the study of the crystallization process. The main improvements of the new experiment item are as follows:(1) the uniformity and stability of the samples are improved by using the spin-coating method;(2) the accuracy of the results are improved by using the insitu heating stage and the charge-coupled device(CCD) imaging system;(3) helping the students to understand the knowledge in polymer physics by experiments, and improving their ability to apply what they have learned;(4) encouraging the students to explore freely by providing experimental conditions and guidance, and thus their abilities in learning, finding and solving problems are improved. The content of this experiment can not only be used in the experimental teaching of Polymer Physics, but also can be extended to other courses including the comprehensive and design experiment, the graduation thesis, and so on.

关 键 词：高分子物理实验 综合探究性实验 偏光显微镜 聚合物球晶 教学改革 

分 类 号：O631-4[理学—高分子化学] G642.423[理学—化学]