考虑调水和供水规则的水库优化调度  

Reservoir optimal operation considering water transfer and supply rules

作　　者：王宗志[1] 谈丽婷 耿敏 刘克琳[1] WANG Zongzhi;TAN Liting;GENG Min;LIU Kelin(State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;Shandong Province Flood Control and Drought Relief Material Reserve Center,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [2]山东省防汛抗旱物资储备中心,山东济南250014

出　　处：《水资源保护》2023年第1期15-21,48,共8页Water Resources Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U2240223);水利部技术示范项目(SF-202210)。

摘　　要：针对用于调节当地地表水资源的水库受多水源影响需要制订新调度规则的问题,考虑非常规水调蓄能力低的特点,在优先配置非常规水的基础上对受水区水库设置调水和供水规则,建立了考虑调水和供水效率的水库优化调度模型,并采用理想点法和遗传算法对调度规则寻优。将模型应用于威海市区米山水库,结果表明:与标准调度策略相比,优化后的水库调度规则使多年平均调水量减少2692.4万m^(3),多年平均弃水量减少417.5万m^(3),提高了天然来水和外调水的利用率;枯水年对外调水的依赖性高于丰水年和平水年,平均调水量仅减少398万m^(3);在该调度规则下,减少外调水量的同时增加非常规水的配置可将农业供水保证率从75%提高到88.4%。For the reservoirs used to regulate local surface water resources,new dispatching rules need to be formulated due to the influence of multiple water sources to improve the water resource utilization efficiency.Considering the low regulation and storage capacity of unconventional water,water transfer and supply rules are set for the reservoirs in the water receiving area on the basis of priority allocation of unconventional water,and the reservoir optimal operation model considering the efficiency of water transfer and supply is established.The ideal point method and genetic algorithm are used to optimize the operation rules.Taking the Mishan Reservoir in Weihai City as an example,the results show that compared with the standard operation strategy,the optimized reservoir operation rules reduce the average annual water transfer by 26.924 million m^(3) and the annual average waste water by 4.175 million m^(3).The utilization ratio of natural incoming water and external transferred water is improved.The dependence of external water transfer in dry years is higher than that in wet years and normal years,and the average water transfer volume is only reduced by 3.98 million m^(3).Under this regulation,the assurance rate of agricultural water supply can be increased from 75%to 88.4%by reducing the amount of external water transfer and increasing the allocation of unconventional water.

关 键 词：水库优化调度 调水过程 供水规则 非常规水 水资源利用效率 米山水库 

分 类 号：TV213.9[水利工程—水文学及水资源]