稻田和池塘养殖模式对中华绒螯蟹肠道菌群、免疫酶活及肌肉游离氨基酸的影响  

Effects of paddy field and pond culture on intestinal microbiota, immune capacity and muscle free amino acids of Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：赵柳兰[1] 龙亚男 张乐纪 张纯 徐来 刘巧[1] 罗杰 杜宗君[1] 杨淞[1] ZHAO Liulan;LONG Yanan;ZHANG Leji;ZHANG Chun;XU Lai;LIU Qiao;LUO Jie;DU Zongjun;YANC Song(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,Sichuan,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureauof Cuiping District,Yibin 644000,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院,四川成都611130 [2]宜宾市翠屏区农业农村局,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2022年第6期1404-1412,共9页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发“蓝色粮仓”渔农综合种养子项目(2019YFD0900305);四川农业大学双支计划(2121993197)。

摘　　要：为了探究稻田和池塘养殖模式对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)肠道菌群、免疫力和肌肉风味影响,选取同一批次稻田和池塘的中华绒螯蟹在5月和10月对其肠道菌群、免疫酶活和肌肉游离氨基酸进行测定。结果表明:中华绒螯蟹肠道优势菌群为软壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门和厚壁菌门。在季节和养殖模式均对蟹的肠道菌群造成影响的情况下,季节变化对菌群变化的影响更大。从5月到10月,稻田养殖模式下中华绒螯蟹肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性均出现上升趋势,而池塘养殖模式下肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性则无显著变化。两种养殖模式下中华绒螯蟹肠道中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)在5月的活性均高于10月,在10月池塘模式下的免疫酶活性溶菌酶(LZM)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)显著高于稻田模式。各组肌肉中均检测出14种呈味氨基酸,呈味氨基酸中甜味氨基酸含量(TSAA)>总苦味氨基酸(TBAA)>总鲜味氨基酸(TUAA),且池塘养殖模式下中华绒螯蟹肌肉中TSAA和总游离氨基酸TFAA高于稻田养殖模式下含量。因此,池塘养殖模式较稻田养殖模式下的中华绒螯蟹肠道菌群时间上更稳定,免疫酶活更强,肌肉风味更优。In order to explore the effects of pond and paddy culture modes on the intestinal microbiota, immunity and muscle flavor of Eriocheir sinensis, the intestinal flora, immune enzyme activity and muscle free amino acids of Eriocheir sinensis from the same batch of ponds and paddy fields were measured in May and October. The results showed that the dominant intestinal flora of Eriocheir sinensis were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. In the case that both season and breeding mode had an effect on the intestinal microbiota of crabs, and the seasonal change had a greater effect on the flora change. From May to October, the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota of Eriocheir sinensis in paddy field culture showed an increasing trend, but there was no significant change in the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota in pond culture. The enzyme activities of SOD in May were higher than those in October in the two modes. In October, the immune enzyme activities of LZM and ACP in pond mode were significantly higher than those in paddy field mode. The total sweet amino acid content(TSAA)> total bitter amino acid(TBAA)> total umami amino acid(TUAA) was detected in muscle of all groups. The TSAA and total free amino acid TFAA in muscle of Eriocheir sinensis under pond culture were higher than those under paddy field culture. Therefore, compared with the paddy field culture, Eriocheir sinensis cultured in pond culture mode has more stable intestinal microbiota in terms of time, stronger immune enzyme activities, and better muscle flavor.

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹 养殖模式 肠道菌群 免疫酶活 肌肉游离氨基酸 

分 类 号：S961[农业科学—水产养殖]