乡村振兴背景下西部地区乡镇卫生院的发展状况及发展对策  

Development state and countermeasure of township health centers in Western China in the context of strategy for rural revitalization

作　　者：朱晓宇[1,2] 王前强 ZHU Xiao-yu;WANG Qian-qiang(Research Center for Health and Economic and Social Development,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,Guangxi,China;Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,Guangxi Medical University,Nanning 530021,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西医科大学健康与经济社会发展研究中心,广西南宁市530021 [2]广西医科大学人文社会科学学院,广西南宁市530021

出　　处：《广西医学》2022年第23期2786-2792,共7页Guangxi Medical Journal

基　　金：广西高等学校人文社会科学研究项目(SK13YB023);广西医科大学人文基地课题(2015RWB14);广西高校人文社会科学重点研究基地基金(桂教科研〔2019〕17号)。

摘　　要：目的分析西部地区乡镇卫生院的发展状况,探讨在乡村振兴背景下乡镇卫生院的发展对策。方法收集2011~2020年西部地区的乡镇级行政区划数量,乡村人口数,乡镇卫生院数量,以及乡镇卫生院的执业(助理)医生数、注册护士数、医护比、诊疗人次、入院人数、医师日均负担诊疗人次、床护比、病床使用率、平均住院日等数据。运用Microsoft Excel 2010软件对数据进行描述性分析,计算上述指标的年均增速。采用Spearman秩相关检验分析乡镇卫生院数与乡镇级行政区划数量,以及乡镇卫生院的诊疗人次、入院人数与乡村人口数的相关性。结果(1)2011~2020年,西部地区仅有西藏、青海和新疆3个省(自治区)的乡镇卫生院数量年均增速呈正增长,西部地区乡镇卫生院数量年均增速低于中部地区和全国水平;西部地区各省(自治区、直辖市)乡镇卫生院数量与乡镇级行政区划数量呈正相关(P<0.05)。(2)相较于2011年,2020年西部地区各省(自治区、直辖市)乡镇卫生院的执业(助理)医生数和注册护士数均增多,且总体年均增速高于东部地区、中部地区和全国水平;除青海和新疆外,其余西部地区各省(自治区、直辖市)乡镇卫生院的注册护士数年均增速均高于执业(助理)医生数年均增速。(3)2011年,西部地区乡镇卫生院的医护比与东部地区、中部地区和全国水平相近;2020年,西部地区乡镇卫生院的医护比达到0.91,高于东部地区、中部地区和全国水平,但仅有广西、云南和陕西3个省(自治区)的乡镇卫生院医护比超过1。(4)2011~2019年,除内蒙古、重庆、甘肃、青海外,西部地区其余省(自治区)乡镇卫生院的诊疗人次均呈正增长,除内蒙古、贵州、西藏、青海、宁夏外,西部地区其余省(自治区、直辖市)乡镇卫生院的入院人数均呈正增长。诊疗人次年均增速和入院人数年均增速均与乡村人口数年均增速无Objective To analyze the development state of township health centers in Western China,and to explore the countermeasure for development of township health centers in the context of strategy for rural revitalization.Methods The data of number of administrative divisions at township level,rural population,number of township health centers,as well as number of certified(assistant)doctors,number of registered nurses,ratio of doctors to nurses,diagnostic and therapeutic person-time,number of inpatients,person-time of doctors daily average burden of diagnosis and treatment,ratio of bed to nurses,rate of bed utilization,and average length of hospital stay,etc.in the Western from 2011 to 2020 were collected.The Microsoft Excel 2010 software was used for descriptive analysis of the data,and the average annual growth speed of the above indicators was calculated.The Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation of number of township health centers with number of administrative divisions at township level,and of diagnostic and therapeutic person-time and number of inpatients of township health centers with rural population.Results(1)From 2011 to 2020,only three provinces(autonomous region)in the Western with respect to Tibet,Qinghai and Xinjiang presented a positive increase of the township health centers number.The average annual growth speed of the township health centers number in the Western was lower than that in the central region and nation-wide levels;in addition,there was a positive correlation between the number of township health centers and the number of administrative divisions at township level in various provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)in the Western(all P<0.05).(2)Compared with 2011,the number of certified(assistant)doctors and registered nurses in township health centers of various provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)in the Western increased in 2020,and the overall average annual growth speed was higher than that in the Eastern,central region and nation-wide levels.Except

关 键 词：乡镇卫生院 西部地区 发展状况 发展对策 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：R197[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]