煤基炭材料脱灰技术研究进展  

Research progress of demineralization technology for coal-based carbon materials

作　　者：王长安[1] 罗茂芸 何敏强 刘嘉淼 杨成龙[2] 吴建国[3] 于信波 崔义 井庆贺 车得福[1] WANG Chang’an;LUO Maoyun;HE Minqiang;LIU Jiamiao;YANG Chenglong;WU Jianguo;YU Xinbo;CUI Yi;JING Qinghe;CHE Defu(State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,710049 Xi’an,China;Xi’an Thermal Engineering Research Institute Company Limited,710032 Xi’an,China;Huaneng Weihai Power Generation Company Limited,264205 Weihai,China;Zalainuoer Coal Industry Company Limited,021410 Hulunbuir,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,西安710049 [2]西安热工研究院有限公司,西安710032 [3]华能威海发电有限责任公司,山东威海264205 [4]扎赉诺尔煤业有限责任公司,内蒙古呼伦贝尔021410

出　　处：《煤炭转化》2023年第1期89-106,共18页Coal Conversion

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52176129);华能集团总部科技项目(HNKJ21-H32)。

摘　　要：介绍了脱灰技术的背景和意义,简述了脱灰工艺的分类及原理,着重于超纯煤制备工艺(包括物理法、化学法、物理化学法及微生物脱硫法)的阐述,并对相关工艺技术的研究现状及进展进行了总结,分析了当前脱灰技术发展存在的限制,最后根据国内外脱灰技术的研究现状,对超纯煤基超容炭制备技术今后的发展方向进行了展望。目前,煤基活性炭脱灰工艺普遍存在高生产成本、低后续处理能力等问题。超纯煤制备方面,物理法具有工艺简单、成本低、对煤质影响小的优点,但细磨耗能大,需要改善磨矿工艺,同时配合良好的脱水技术。为克服成本高、工艺复杂、污染大等缺点,需要寻求条件温和、简单的化学处理方法。目前已有一些物理化学法取得了良好的脱矿效果,未来应加强物理法和化学法结合制备超纯煤方面的研究。微生物脱硫法可同时去除无机硫和有机硫,但脱硫周期长,未来应不断寻找高效、经济的新型脱硫菌种,研制更有效的微生物选矿药剂,以提高脱硫效率。大部分脱灰工艺都存在废水、废液后续处理问题,应提高相关处理能力,并发展药剂回收技术以提高经济效益。This paper introduces the background and significance of demineralization technology and briefly describes the classification and principle of coal-based activated carbon demineralization process.Then,the research status of ultra-clean coal(UCC)preparation process,including the physical method,chemical method,physical-chemical method and microbial desulfurization method,are summarized,and the limitations of the current development of demineralization technology are analyzed.Finally,the future development direction of ultra-clean coal-based ultra-capable carbon preparation technology is prospected.At present,the demineralization process of coal-based activated carbon generally suffers from high production costs and low subsequent treatment capacity.For UCC preparation,physical method has the advantages in terms of simple process,low cost,and little impact on coal quality.However,the fine grinding is energy consuming,which necessitates the improvement of the grinding process in conjunction with good dewatering technology.In order to overcome the disadvantages such as high cost,complex process,and high pollutant emissions,it is necessary to explore chemical treatment methods with mild and simple conditions.Some of the proposed physical-chemical methods have achieved good demineralization results,and future research should be strengthened in the preparation of UCC by combining physical and chemical methods.Microbial desulfurization method can remove both inorganic and organic sulfur,but the desulfurization cycle is long.In the future,aiming to improve the desulfurization efficiency,it is significant to continuously search for new desulfurization strains with high efficiency and economy and develop more effective microbial beneficiation chemicals.Most of the demineralization processes have the problem on subsequent treatment of wastewater and waste liquid.The relevant treatment capacity should be improved,and the chemical recovery technology should be developed to improve economic benefits.

关 键 词：超纯煤 脱灰 物理法 化学法 物理化学法 微生物脱硫 

分 类 号：TQ424.1[化学工程]