1971年~2020年青海省天峻地区汛期昼夜降水特征分析  

Analysis of Daytime and Nighttime Precipitation Characteristics During the Flood Season in Tianjun Area of Qinghai Province From 1971 to 2020

作　　者：羊快卓玛 Yangkuai Zhuoma(Meteorological Bureau of Haixi Prefecture of Qinghai Province,Delingha 817000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省海西州气象台,德令哈817000

出　　处：《青海科技》2022年第6期123-127,共5页Qinghai Science and Technology

摘　　要：利用天峻站1971年~2020年常规地面降水资料,分析了天峻地区汛期昼夜降水特征。结果表明1971年~2020年天峻地区汛期夜雨特征明显,平均夜雨率为58.8%,2013年以后夜雨量明显减小。在小雨量级天峻地区汛期昼雨频次都大于夜雨频次。在中雨量级夜雨发生频次开始增多并多于昼雨频次,而且这一增多趋势随着降水量的增多而迅速增大。大到暴雨过程基本发生在夜间时段。天峻地区昼、夜降水日数和降水强度均呈显著增加趋势,昼降水日数增长趋势略大于夜降水日数,夜雨强度增长趋势虽略小于昼雨强度,但50年里夜雨强度始终大于昼雨强度。近50年间的长期变化过程中,天峻地区昼雨未见明显周期性特征,而夜雨有10~15年及20年左右的时间尺度变化周期,而且这两个周期进入20世纪90年代后呈现周期强度明显减弱、时间尺度相对缩短的趋势。分析结果对进一步掌握天峻地区降水规律、提高降水的预报准确率及适时开展牧业活动具有重要的参考价值。Using the conventional surface precipitation data of Tianjun Station from 1971 to 2020, this paper analyzes the characteristics of daytime and nighttime precipitation during the flood season in Tianjun area. The results showed that the night rainfall characteristics of the flood season in the Tianjun area from 1971 to 2020 were obvious, the average night rainfall rate was 58.8%, and the night rainfall decreased significantly after 2013. In areas with light rainfall magnitude, the frequency of day rain during the flood season was greater than the frequency of night rain. The frequency of night rain began to increase and was more frequent than that of day rain in moderate rainfall,and this increasing trend was increasing rapidly with the increase of precipitation. Heavy rainfall occurred mostly at night. The number of daytime and nighttime precipitation days and precipitation intensity in Tianjun area showed a significant increase trend, the growth trend of daytime precipitation days was slightly greater than the number of nighttime precipitation days, and the growth trend of night rain intensity was slightly smaller than that of day rain intensity, but the night rain intensity was always greater than that of day rain intensity in 50 years. In the process of long-term changes in the past 50 years, there were no obvious cyclical characteristics of day rain in Tianjun area,while night rain had a time scale change cycle of about 10-15 years and 20 years, and these two cycles showed a trend of significantly weakening cycle intensity and relatively shortening of time scale after entering 1990s. The analysis results have important reference value for further grasping the precipitation law in Tianjun area, improving the accuracy of precipitation forecasting and carrying out animal husbandry activities in a timely manner.

关 键 词：昼夜降水 降水强度 汛期 天峻地区 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]