智能中空药物载体的门控设计  

Gate Keeper in the Smart Hollow Drug Carrier

作　　者：王慧 赵德偲[2] 杨乃亮 王丹 WANG Hui;ZHAO Decai;YANG Nailiang;WANG Dan(College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Qingdao University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266061,China;State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Chemical Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院,青岛266001 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所生化工程国家重点实验室,北京100190 [3]中国科学院大学化学工程学院,北京100049

出　　处：《高等学校化学学报》2023年第1期13-29,共17页Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:21821005,21971244,21931012,92163209)资助。

摘　　要：由于具有独特新颖的结构和广泛的应用领域,中空材料已成为合成化学和材料化学研究的热点;特别是其高的表面体积比、低密度及大空腔等特点,成为药物递送载体的最佳选择.通过对中空结构的精确选择和精准修饰,可赋予中空材料独特的刺激响应行为,从而实现该类药物载体的智能设计和药物的可控释放.目前,构建中空智能载体主有以下两条思路:(1)利用自身可对环境中的物理化学刺激做出响应的中空材料作为载体;(2)在中空载体表面修饰功能性分子,以实现在特定的刺激下精确控制孔道的“开-关”转换.其核心在于分子组成和构型的精准调控.基于此,本文综合评述了中空智能载体的可控释放机制.首先介绍中空药物载体的发展历史,随后阐述药物分子在中空结构中的扩散规律,并总结了中空结构载体的智能响应行为、不同的门控机制、控制释放原理以及应用前景,最后对未来的发展做了展望.Recently,the unique and novel structure of hollow materials has become a hot spot in the research of synthetic chemistry and material chemistry,especially its high surface-volume-ratio,low density and large cavities,and it is also an excellent choice of drug delivery carrier.Through the precise selection and modification of hollow materials,the hollow materials can be endowed with unique stimulus response behavior,thus realizing the intelligent design of hollow materials and the controlled release of drugs.There are two strategies for constructing smart hollow carriers:(1)utilizing hollow materials as carriers that can respond to physical or chemical stimuli;(2)modifying functional molecules on the surface of hollow carriers to achieve specific“on-off”switch under stimulation.Its core lies in the precise regulation of molecular composition and configuration.From this perspective,we detail the construction connotation of gatekeepers for controlled drug release.This review begins with an introduction to the development history of hollow carriers,followed by a brief discussion on the rules of molecules released from hollow structures.The use of hollow structures for the construction of intelligent responsive drug carriers is then showcased,including roles of the hollow structure,different gating strategies,controlled release mechanisms,and their potential progress in application.This paper concludes with some perspectives on future directions for hollow structured carriers.

关 键 词：中空结构 纳微结构 刺激响应 药物递送载体 

分 类 号：O611[理学—无机化学]