可可西里土壤凝结水形成特征及其影响因素研究  

Formation characteristics and factors effecting of condensation water in surface soil in Hoh Xil area

作　　者：石万鹏 李备[1,3] 刘景涛 卓子钧[1,2] 陈玺 SHI Wanpeng;LI Bei;LIU Jingtao;ZHUO Zijun;CHEN Xi(Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050061,Hebei,China;China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Groundwater Contamination and Remediation,Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050061,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所,河北石家庄050061 [2]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [3]河北省地下水污染机理与修复重点实验室,河北石家庄050061

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2022年第6期1729-1739,共11页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所基本科研费(SK202116);中国地质调查局湟水河流域水文地质调查(DD20190331);河北省青年科学基金(D2021504003)资助。

摘　　要：青藏高原受气候变化影响,干湿过渡状况不断扩大,凝结水是旱区重要的水分补给来源,研究凝结水对青藏高原生态具有重要意义。为探究凝结水在青藏高原的形成特征以及影响凝结水形成因素,选取近年来受气候影响较大的可可西里盐湖地区作为研究区,使用微型蒸渗仪探究其0~10 cm土壤水分蒸发凝结特征,并利用相关回归分析、主成分分析探究影响凝结水形成因素。结果表明:(1)在14:00—次日14:00期间,气温和土层温度均呈现出先减小后增大的变化趋势,0~10cm土壤在00:00—10:00内有明显土壤凝结水形成,而在其余时间水量蒸发明显。大气水汽和土壤深层水汽组成土壤凝结水的比例约为1:3。当夜间近地空气相对湿度大于64%,近地气温小于3.8℃,5 cm土层温度低于4.1℃,有利于土壤凝结水的形成,平均水量可达0.2 mm·d^(-1)。(2)相关分析表明土壤总凝结水量与5 cm土层温度和5~30 cm土层温度差呈显著负相关,而且凝结水量与相关因子的线性拟合效果较好;大气水汽凝结水量与气温呈现显著负相关,与相对湿度呈现显著正相关。主成分分析结果显示0~10 cm以上土层微气象因子对凝结水形成因素较大。Caused by climate change,the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has continuously expanded the transition between dry and wet conditions,and the phenomenon of ecological degradation has increased.Condensation water is an important water resource in arid regions.In order to explore the formation characteristics and influencing factors of condensation water on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,this study selected Yanhu(Salt lake)district at the Hoh Xil area that has been greatly affected by climate in recent years,micro lysimeters were used to weigh the 0-10 cm soil to explore the evaporation and condensation characteristics of surface soil moisture.Besides,used multivariate statistical methods to analyze the relationship between condensation water and micro-meteorological factors,such as one-way analysis of variance,correlation analysis and principal component analysis.The results showed that:(1)During the period from 14:00 to 14:00 the next day,both the air temperature and the soil layer temperature showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing.The 0-10 cm soil had obvious soil condensate formation from 00:00 to 10:00,but the soil water evaporated significantly in the other period.The soil condensation water was mainly composed of atmospheric water vapor and deep soil water vapor,with a ratio of about 1:3.We found that the conditions for the occurrence of soil condensation water were as follows:the relative humidity of the air at night was greater than 64%,the air temperature was less than 3.8℃,and the temperature of the 5 cm soil layer was less than 4.1℃,it was conducive to the formation of condensation water,and the average water volume could reach 0.2 mm·d^(-1).(2)Correlation analysis showed that the total amount of soil condensed water was significantly negatively correlated with the temperature of the 5 cm soil layer and the soil temperature difference between 5 cm and 30 cm,and the linear regression effect between the amount of condensation water and related factors was good;There was a significant negative correla

关 键 词：土壤凝结水 气温 地温 空气相对湿度 青藏高原 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]