基于SWH模型的青藏高原高寒草甸蒸散发及其组分变化分析  

Variations of evapotranspiration and its components in alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau based on SWH model

作　　者：梅静 孙美平[1,2] 李霖 MEI Jing;SUN Meiping;LI Lin(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,CAS,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2022年第6期1740-1751,共12页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42161027,41861013);甘肃省科技计划资助项目(2021QB-019);甘肃省自然科学基金(21JR7RA143)资助。

摘　　要：基于Shuttleworth-Wallace Hu(SWH)双源蒸散模型对青藏高原那曲、纳木错、藏东南站蒸散发进行估算,在结果验证良好基础上,对青藏高原蒸散发变化特征及各站主要影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:SWH模型在青藏高原3个草甸站适用性良好;年蒸散发介于388~732 mm之间,年内分布呈先增大后减小特征;3站蒸散发组分差异较大,那曲站和纳木错站土壤蒸发对蒸散总量的贡献分别为53%和56%,藏东南站蒸散发则几乎全部由植被蒸腾贡献,占比高达95%;植被叶面积指数为3站蒸散发最主要的影响因素,饱和水汽压差对藏东南站蒸散发影响也较大。研究结果可对青藏高原蒸散发及其组分时空格局与水循环过程研究提供科学依据。Based on the SWH dual source model,the evapotranspiration of the Nagqu Station of Plateau Climate and Environment,the Nam Co Monitoring and Research Station for Multisphere Interactions,and the Southeast Tibet Observation and Research Station for the Alpine Environment was estimated.Based on the validation of the results,the characteristics of evapotranspiration changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China and the main influencing factors of each station were analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:the SWH model is well applicable to the three stations on the Tibetan Plateau.The annual evapotranspiration ranges from 388 mm to 732 mm,with an increase in interannual distribution,followed by a decrease.The differences in evapotranspiration components between the three stations are significant,the contribution of evaporation to evapotranspiration at the Nagqu and Nam Co stations is 53%and 56%,respectively,and the evapotranspiration at the Southeast Tibet Station is almost entirely contributed by transpiration,accounting for 95%.The leaf area index is the most important factor affecting evapotranspiration at the three stations.The vapor pressure deficit also has a significant effect on evapotranspiration at the Southeast Tibet Station.The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for studying the temporal and spatial patterns of evapotranspiration and its components and the water cycle process over the Tibetan Plateau.

关 键 词：蒸散发 蒸散组分 SWH模型 青藏高原 

分 类 号：O552.6[理学—热学与物质分子运动论] S812[理学—物理]