全氟辛烷磺酸对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性与致畸效应  

Acute Toxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid on Zebrafish Danio rerio Embryos

作　　者：刘笑楠 吴昊[2,3] 郑丽利 许佳 高雪忠 高斐斐 江敏 LIU Xiaonan;WU Hao;ZHENG Lili;XU Jia;GAO Xuezhong;GAO Feifei;JIANG Min(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Aquaculture Engineering Research Center,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Fengxian District Fisheries Technology Promotion Station,Shanghai 201419,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学,上海市水产养殖工程技术研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [4]上海市奉贤区水产技术推广站,上海201419

出　　处：《水产科学》2023年第1期11-20,共10页Fisheries Science

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目(沪农科创字[2019]第3-5号);上海虾类产业技术体系建设项目(沪农科产字[2014]第5号);上海市高校知识服务平台项目(ZF1206)。

摘　　要：为验证全氟辛烷磺酸对鱼类胚胎的毒性作用,采用静态染毒法研究不同质量浓度全氟辛烷磺酸对斑马鱼胚胎的急性毒性和致畸作用。试验结果显示,全氟辛烷磺酸对斑马鱼胚胎24、48、72、96 h的半致死质量浓度分别为7.81、6.58、3.44、2.67μg/mL,安全质量浓度为0.27μg/mL,对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性为高毒。全氟辛烷磺酸质量浓度越高,胚胎孵化率越低、死亡率越高,并伴随明显的心率增加、行动迟缓等现象。在全氟辛烷磺酸胁迫下,斑马鱼胚胎发育不同时期会出现不同的畸形现象:囊胚期(2.7~6.0 h)出现卵凝结,卵黄细胞隆起不明显;原肠胚期(6.6~10.6 h)出现卵黄外突、原肠外突和卵凝结;分裂期(12.1~23.8 h)胚胎尾部畸变和卵黄囊异常;成形期(23.8~52.1 h)胚胎出现心肌肿大、心率不稳、后静脉血流减慢或停止、脊椎和尾部弯曲、色素沉积减少等现象;孵化期(54~80 h)幼鱼出现明显的尾部萎缩和曲折、色素沉积减少、脊椎弯曲、心包腔肿大等现象。当全氟辛烷磺酸质量浓度为1.00~1.58μg/mL时,其致畸作用相对较弱;质量浓度在2.51~10.00μg/mL时,会诱导胚胎出现明显畸变,阻碍胚胎正常发育。本试验结果可为全氟辛烷磺酸对鱼类胚胎的毒性机理研究提供基础资料。Persistent organic pollutant perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) is regarded as a kind of newly found persistent organic pollutants due to its risk to the environment and public health. In order to verify the toxic effect of PFOS on fish embryos, the acute toxicity and teratogenicity of different concentrations of PFOS on zebrafish Danio rerio embryos was studied by static bioassay test. The results showed that PFOS was highly toxic to zebrafish embryos. The 24 h-LC50, 48 h-LC50, 72 h-LC50and 96 h-LC50of PFOS were 7.81 μg/mL, 6.58 μg/mL, 3.44 μg/mL and 2.67 μg/mL, respectively, with safe concentration of 0.27 μg/mL. The hatching rate of zebrafish embryos was decreased in accordance with the increasing concentration of PFOS, while the mortality and heart beating rate were increased on the contrary. Under the PFOS stress, zebrafish embryos showed different abnormality in different stages of development. In the blastula stage(2.7—6.0 h), egg coagulation and less obvious yolk cell bulge were observed. At gastrula stage(6.6—10.6 h), following phenomena were found including yolk bulges outward, gastrointestinal protruding outwards and egg coagulation. Tail malformation and yolk sac abnormality of embryos occurred during segmentation period(12.1—23.8 h). During the pharyngeal period(23.8—52.1 h), the embryos also showed abnormalities such as the myocardial enlargement, unstable heart beating rate, slowed posterior venous blood flow, curvature of spine and tail, and reduction in pigmentation. During the hatching period(54—80 h), the larvae showed obvious tail, atrophy and zigzag, with reduced pigment deposition, spinal curvature, and pericardial cavity swelling. When the concentration of PFOS was 1.00—1.58 μg/mL, its teratogenic effect was relatively weak. When the PFOS concentration was 2.51—10.00 μg/mL, PFOS induced obvious abnormal phenomenon during the embryo development. The findings may provide the reference to toxicological mechanisms of PFOS to fish embryos.

关 键 词：全氟辛烷磺酸 斑马鱼胚胎 急性毒性 致畸效应 

分 类 号：S948[农业科学—水产养殖]