蒙脱石对仿刺参幼参生长、主要消化酶和免疫酶活性的影响  

Effects of Dietary Montmorillonite on Growth Performance,Digestive Enzyme Activities,and Immunity of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

作　　者：李君华 刘佳亮 李静 孙路平 刘石林[2] 王玉本 LI Junhua;LIU Jialiang;LI Jing;SUN Luping;LIU Shilin;WANG Yuben(National Alage and Sea Cucumber Project Technology Research Centre,Shandong Oriental Ocean Sci-Tech Co.,Ltd.,Yantai 264003,China;Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司,国家海藻与海参工程技术研究中心,山东烟台264003 [2]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《水产科学》2023年第1期96-101,共6页Fisheries Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项(2018YFD0901602);山东省农业良种工程项目(2017LZGC010,2020LZGC015)。

摘　　要：水温15.8~21.0℃下,将初始体质量(1.37±0.07)g的幼参于100 L的塑钢水箱中饲养75 d,每个水箱45头,投喂添加0%、0.20%、0.40%、0.60%和0.80%的蒙脱石饲料,测定幼参肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性及体腔液的超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性,探究蒙脱石对仿刺参生长、消化酶和免疫酶活性的影响。试验结果表明:蒙脱石对仿刺参存活率无明显影响,但显著提高了仿刺参特定生长率和饲料干物质的表观消化率(P<0.05);蒙脱石添加量为0.40%时,仿刺参特定生长率最高,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);添加0.20%~0.60%的蒙脱石显著提高了仿刺参肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),添加0.40%的蒙脱石组活性最高,分别为(73.27±3.73)U/mg和(70.63±1.96)U/mg;不同添加量的蒙脱石对仿刺参体腔液超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均有不同程度的影响,对体腔液中溶菌酶活性的影响最大,0.60%组仿刺参溶菌酶活性最高,较对照组提高50%。在本试验条件下,饲料中添加约0.40%的蒙脱石,仿刺参可以获得最佳的消化性能和免疫力,促进幼参生长。本试验结果可为蒙脱石在仿刺参养殖中的应用和优化仿刺参苗种培育工艺提供科学依据。The juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus with initial body weight of(1.37±0.07)g were reared in a 100 L plastic steel water tank at stocking density of 45 individuals per tank and fed diets containing 0%,0.20%,0.40%,0.60%and 0.80%of montmorillonite for 75 days.Then the activities of intestinal protease and amylase and the activities of superoxide oxidase,lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase in coelomic fluid of the sea cucumber were determined at water temperature of 15.8—21.0℃to probe into the effects of montmorillonite on growth performance,digestive enzyme activities,immunity and water quality in the juvenile sea cucumber culture tank.The results showed that montmorillonite supplement significantly enhanced the specific growth rate(SGR)of the juveniles,with the maximal SGR in the 0.40%supplement group(P<0.05),without significant differences in the survival rate(SR)among the groups(P>0.05).The juveniles fed the diets supplemented with montmorillonite had significantly high apparent digestibility of dry matter(P<0.05).The concentrations of montmorillonite supplement ranging from 0.20%to 0.60%led to significantly increase the activities of protease and amylase(P<0.05),and the maximum values[(73.27±3.73)U/mg and(70.63±1.96)U/mg,respectively]were both found in the 0.40%group.There were different activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),lysozyme(LSZ)and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)in body fluid of the juveniles in different groups,with the maximal effect of montmorillonite supplement on the LSZ activity.The maximum activity of LSZ was observed in the 0.60%group,50%higher than that in the control group.Therefore,the findings showed that diet supplemented with 0.40%montmorillonite improved the digestibility,immunity and growth of the sea cucumber,which provides foundation of optimizing the cultivation technology of sea cucumber.

关 键 词：仿刺参 蒙脱石 生长性能 表观消化率 消化酶 免疫力 

分 类 号：S968.9[农业科学—水产养殖]