神木市山地苹果幼树期和丰产期的周年施肥管理技术  

Annual Fertilizer and Water Management Technique for Young Apple Tree and High-yield Apple Tree in Mountainous Area of Shenmu City

作　　者：折叶军 郭小云 王恒 张桥 魏敏 ZHE Yejun;GUO Xiaoyun;WANG Heng;ZHANG Qiao;WEI Min(Shenmu City Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Shenmu 719300,China)

机构地区：[1]神木市农业技术推广中心,陕西神木719300

出　　处：《果树资源学报》2023年第1期46-48,共3页Journal of Fruit Resources

摘　　要：近年来神木本地苹果园数量逐年增加,果园管理中出现了施肥种类单一、施肥时间不合理、施肥方式不当、施肥次数不足以及施肥种类搭配不科学等一系列问题,严重制约着本地山地果树的高效发展。合理的施肥可以缩短苹果幼树期树形成型时间,提高丰产期苹果的产量和品质。施肥时间、施肥位置、施肥方式、施肥类型和施肥量都会影响肥料的利用率,苹果在幼树期主要以培养树形为主,进入丰产期既要保证枝条健壮生长又要促进花芽分化,苹果在不同的树龄或在相同树龄的不同生长期所需要的养分都不尽相同。通过多年果园管理经验,结合试验总结出本地山地苹果树幼树期和丰产期合理的施肥时间、施肥位置、施肥方式、施肥类型、肥料搭配和施肥量等,让山地果园肥水管理重点突出,有的放矢,达到降本增效的作用,促进果园的良性发展。现将此山地苹果肥水管理技术详细阐述,以期为当地果农提供参考,促进本地山地苹果良性发展。With the continuous development of mountain apple in Shenmu area,a series of orchard management problems,such as single fertilization types,unreasonable fertilization time,improper fertilization methods,insufficient fertilization times and unscientific fertilization types,have seriously restricted the efficient development of local mountain fruit trees.Reasonable fertilization can shorten the tree formation time of young apple trees and improve the yield and fruit quality of apple in high-yield period.Fertilizer application time,fertilizer application location,fertilizer application method,fertilizer application type and fertilizer application amount will all affect the utilization rate of fertilizer.Apples are mainly cultivated in tree form at the young tree stage.Entering the high-yield period,it is necessary to ensure the robust growth of branches and promote flower bud differentiation.Apples need different nutrients at different tree ages or at different growth stages of the same tree age.Through years of management of orchards.The experiment summarized the reasonable fertilization time,fertilization position,fertilization method,fertilization type,fertilizer collocation and fertilization amount of local mountain apple trees in the young tree period and high yield period,so that the fertilizer and water management of mountain orchards can be focused,targeted,achieve the effect of cost reduction and efficiency increase,and promote the benign development of orchards.The production was measured in the collective orchards in fenglaoshan village,hejiachuan Town,Shenmu city and the demonstration orchards in shapingsi orchard,Wanzhen town,The yield of 4-year-old longfu short branches is 820 kg per 667 m 2,and the yield of 5-year-old longfu short branches is 1300 kg per 667 m 2.Now,this mountain Apple fertilizer and water management technology is summarized in detail to provide reference for local fruit growers and promote the development of local mountain apple.

关 键 词：神木 山地苹果 幼树 丰产期 合理施肥 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]