基于微气候适应性的传统街巷舒适度研究--以滇池东岸呈贡老城为例  

Spatial Comfortableness of Traditional Streets Based on Microclimate Adaptability:Taking Chenggong Old Town on the East Bank of Dianchi Lake as an Example

作　　者：程海帆 黄纯 胡荣 赵党书 CHENG Haifan;HUANG Chun;HU Rong;ZHAO Dangshu

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学建筑与城市规划学院 [2]昆明理工大学设计研究院有限公司 [3]昆明理工大学基建处

出　　处：《住区》2022年第6期44-51,共8页Design Community

基　　金：科技部重点研发计划项目(项目编号:西南民族村寨防灾减灾技术综合示范,2020YFD1100705);呈贡区人大课题:昆明市呈贡区旧城更新改造课题研究(一期编号:CGQRD2019-JCGZ,二期编号:CGQRD2021-CGLC,三期编号:JMCGLC2021-LCJD)。

摘　　要：以地域地理温和的云南九大高原湖泊之滇池东岸呈贡老城(清民时期呈贡县城范围)为研究区,通过实测及模拟分析街巷的微气候异质特征;选取临近冬至日的实测及模拟,作为研判微气候舒适度的基础,探讨街谷朝向、空间尺度不同的微气候适应性特征:传统街巷的树枝型结构、“丁”字型交叉口、街巷高宽比为1.0~2.0、街谷朝向组合等空间特征使街巷在冬季具有较好的防风、保温保湿性能,有较好的气候适应性;对比仿古街巷的直线型网络结构、“十”字型交叉口、街巷高宽比为0.5,以及与主导风向一致的主街朝向使风速加剧,过宽的空间尺度不利于形成建筑遮阴,导致气温上升湿度下降的现象显著、适应性较为脆弱、环境舒适性偏低。Taking Chenggong Old Town on the east bank of Dianchi Lake(Chenggong County Town during the Qing Dy-nasty),the nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province with mild geographical conditions,as the research area,the micro-climate heterogeneity characteristics of streets were mea-sured and simulated.The field measurement and simulation near the winter solstice were selected as the basis for the study of microclimate comfort,and the microclimate adapt-ability characteristics of different street canyon orientations and spatial scales were discussed.The spatial character-istics of the traditional street such as branch structure,T-type intersection,street height-width ratio of 1.0~2.0,street canyon orientation combination make the street have better windproof,heat preservation and moisture retention per-formance in winter,and have better climate adaptability.Compared with the linear network structure of the antique streets and lanes,the cross intersection,the height-width ratio of the streets and lanes is 0.5,and the main street di-rection consistent with the dominant wind direction aggra-vates the wind speed.Excessive spatial scale is not condu-cive to the formation of building shading,which leads to the phenomenon of temperature rise and humidity decline.The adaptability is fragile and the environmental comfort is low.

关 键 词：传统街巷 微气候适应性 实测模拟 成因分析 滇池流域 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]