中小学教室采光指标与中小学建筑设计相关性研究  

Correlation Between Daylighting Evaluation Criteria and Architectural Design of Primary and Secondary Schools

作　　者：刘彬艳 刘宇波 邓巧明[1] LIU Binyan;LIU Yubo;DENG Qiaoming

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学建筑学院 [2]哈佛大学 [3]华南理工大学建筑系

出　　处：《住区》2022年第6期142-152,共11页Design Community

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目:以“天光教室”为导向的我国夏热冬暖地区城市中小学校校园空间布局模式研究NO.51978269;促进跨学科科研合作的大学校园空间布局研究NO.51978268。

摘　　要：青少年近视问题严重,而教室光环境是引起近视的一个重要的原因,因此衡量建筑采光效果的指标具有重要的意义。在建筑采光历史上,建筑师与医学及卫生学领域专家一直在尝试不断更新采光指标去影响建筑设计。但采光指标从最直观的照度值到简便快捷的窗地比再到科学计算的采光系数,均未能很好地发挥作用,反而使得采光指标与建筑设计形成不同学科各自发展的局面。随着动态采光概念的提出,动态采光指标被纳入美国、欧盟标准。国内外各专家学者随之展开的深入研究以及计算机模拟技术的发展,可以在设计前期就能对建筑方案进行模拟设计,改变传统中小学设计思路,从而更加全面的指导建筑设计。因此建议推动动态采光指标纳入我国国家及行业标准,让采光指标真正对学校建筑设计产生一定影响,具有实效性,这也正是采光标准设定的意义所在。The problem of myopia in teenagers is serious,and the classroom daylighting environment is one of the important causes of myopia.Therefore,the evaluation of daylighting criteria is of great significance.Throughout the history,architects,ophthalmologists and hygiene experts have tried to influence architectural design by constantly updating daylighting evaluation criteria.However,daylight-ing evaluation criteria from illumination index,window to ground ratio,to daylight factor,have not responded very well to this problem.Instead,the daylighting evaluation criteria and architectural design evolved independently.As the concept of dynamic daylighting was put forward,the dynamic daylighting index was incorporated into the stan-dards of the United States and the European Union.The in-depth research carried out by domestic and foreign ex-perts and scholars as well as the development of computer simulation technology can simulate the design of the build-ing scheme in the early stage of design,change the tradi-tional design ideas of primary and secondary schools,so as to guide the architectural design in a more comprehensive way.Therefore,it is suggested to promote the inclusion of dynamic daylighting criteria into China’s national and indus-trial standards,so that daylighting criteria can have a real impact on school architectural design.

关 键 词：近视 照度 窗地比 采光系数 动态采光指标 中小学 建筑设计 

分 类 号：TU244.2[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]