乡村遗产类型的文化学解读  

A Cultural Interpretation on the Types of Rural Heritage

作　　者：张玉坤[1,2] 贾博雅 张早[3] ZHANG Yukun;JIA Boya;ZHANG Zao

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院 [2]天津大学建筑文化遗产传承信息技术文化和旅游部重点实验室 [3]天津大学建筑工程学院

出　　处：《城市环境设计》2022年第4期293-298,共6页Urban Environment Design

基　　金：国家社会科学重点基金项目《长城国家文化公园价值研究与数字再现》(批准号:21AZD055)。

摘　　要：我国乡村幅员辽阔,农耕文明历史悠久,文化遗产遗存丰富多样。目前国内外已有的文化遗产概念与分类,尚不能科学地解释遗产的各种类型及其分类依据,对乡村遗产重要性的认识还缺乏足够的重视。ICOMOS-IFLA联合颁布的《关于乡村景观作为遗产的准则》(2017,简称《准则》)是乡村遗产认识论的突破。本文依据《准则》“所有乡村皆为景观,所有乡村地区都可以作为遗产来解读”的论断,结合作者对文化概念的思索,对文化与文化遗产的关系进行解读,归纳出文化遗产的四种基本类型:无形文化遗产、活态文化遗产、符号文化遗产、物质文化遗产。通过补充乡村生物文化遗产和生态文化遗产,形成六种乡村遗产类型的初步认识。The countryside of China has a vast territory, a long history of agricultural civilization, and is rich in cultural heritage and diversity. At present, the existing concepts and classifications of cultural heritage at home and abroad can not scientifically explain the various types of heritage and their classification basis, and the understanding of the importance of rural heritage still lacks sufficient attention. The Principles Concerning Rural Landscapes as Heritage(2017, referred to as Principles) jointly issued by ICOMOS-IFLA is a breakthrough in the epistemology of rural heritage. Based on the conclusion of " All rural areas are landscapes, and all rural areas can be read as heritage " in the Principles, this paper analyzes the relationship between culture and cultural heritage, and concludes four basic types of cultural heritage: intangible cultural heritage, living cultural heritage,symbolic cultural heritage and material cultural heritage. And by supplementing the biological cultural heritage and ecological cultural heritage of the rural areas, a preliminary understanding of six types of rural heritage is formed.

关 键 词：乡村遗产 文化学解读 遗产类型 生物-文化遗产 生态-文化遗产 

分 类 号：TU-87[艺术—艺术设计]