不同灌溉定额对设施黄沙基质栽培西瓜光合特性及产量、品质的影响  

Different irrigation rates affect photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of yellow sand matrix cultivation watermelon in facilities

作　　者：陈亮 栾倩倩 蔺毅 杨世梅 严宗山 王翠丽 张自强 CHEN Liang;LUAN Qianqian;LIN Yi;YANG Shimei;YAN Zongshan;WANG Cuili;ZHANG Ziqiang(Gansu Provincial Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,Wuwei 733006,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2023年第1期72-78,共7页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(20JR5RA067);甘肃省陇原青年创新创业人才(个人)项目“河西戈壁设施农业药渣基质化利用关键技术研究与应用”(2021LQGR09);甘肃省科技计划项目(18JR2TA008);甘肃省农业工程技术研究院创新基金项目(2020年青年基金)。

摘　　要：为阐明河西戈壁沙漠温室西瓜对不同灌溉定额的光合生理响应机制,明确设施黄沙栽培西瓜最适宜灌溉定额。以美丽和4K西瓜品种为试材,采用黄沙为栽培基质,建立设施黄沙基质栽培西瓜水肥一体化技术体系,设置60、110、160、210和260 m^(3)·667 m^(-2)(对照)5个灌溉定额,研究不同灌溉定额对西瓜植株叶片光合特性及果实产量、品质的影响。结果表明,美丽和4K西瓜随灌溉定额的增加,叶片数、叶片SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和果实产量均呈现先升高后降低趋势,均在160 m^(3)·667 m^(-2)中度灌溉定额下达到最大值。在相同灌溉量下,美丽品种的叶片SPAD、Pn、Gs、Tr、果实纵、横径和果实产量均高于4K品种,且在160 m^(3)·667 m^(-2)处理下,美丽和4K的叶片SPAD值、Pn、Gs、Tr、果实纵径和产量均显著高于各自对照;随灌溉定额增加,2个西瓜品种果实中心和边部可溶性固形物含量也呈现先升后降趋势,分别在110 m^(3)·667 m^(-2)处理下达到最大值,且显著高于各自对照。综上所述,美丽在设施黄沙基质栽培条件下的适应性更强,西瓜叶片光合特性和产量表现优于4K,而4K的果实品质表现更好,160 m^(3)·667 m^(-2)为设施黄沙基质栽培西瓜最适宜的灌溉定额,可作为河西戈壁沙漠温室西瓜高效用水的最优选择。To clarify the photosynthetic physiological response mechanism of greenhouse watermelon in Hexi Gobi desert to different irrigation quotas, and to clarify the most suitable irrigation quota for watermelon cultivation in facility yellow sand. In this study, two watermelon varieties, MeiLi and 4K, which were mainly planted in the greenhouse, were used as experimental materials, and yellow sand was used as the cultivation substrate to establish a water and fertilizer integrated technical system for watermelon cultivation in the facility, The effects of irrigation quotas on photosynthetic characteristics of watermelon leaves and fruit yield and quality under 5 irrigation quota gradients of 60, 110, 160, 210 and 260 m^(3)·667 m^(-2)(control)were studied. The results showed that the number of leaves, leaf SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate Pn, stomatal conductance Gs, transpiration rate Tr and fruit yield all increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation quota. The maximum value reached under the moderate irrigation quota of 160 m^(3)·667 m^(-2). Under the same amount of irrigation, the average values of leaf SPAD value, Pn, Gs, Tr, fruit vertical and horizontal diameter and fruit yield of MeiLi cultivar were higher than those of 4K cultivar under each treatment, and under the treatment of 160 m^(3)·667 m^(-2), the leaf SPAD value, Pn, Gs, Tr, fruit longitudinal diameter and yield of MeiLi and 4K were significantly higher than their respective controls;with the increase of irrigation quota, the content of soluble solids in the center of the two watermelon varieties and the soluble solids in the edges also showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and reached the maximum value under the treatment of 110 m^(3)·667 m^(-2), and were significantly higher than the respective controls. In summary, MeiLi watermelon cultivar has stronger adaptability under the conditions of facility yellow sand substrate cultivation, and the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of watermelon leaves are

关 键 词：温室西瓜 黄沙栽培 灌溉制度 植株生长 光合特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S651[农业科学—果树学] S607[农业科学—园艺学]