2014—2017年哈尔滨地区供暖前与供暖期空气污染特征分析  

Characteristics of air pollution before and during winter heating period in Harbin from 2014 to 2017

作　　者：张舒[1] 阙粼婧 王莹[1] 王蕾[1] 栾晨[2] 孙兆彬 ZHANG Shu;QUE Lin-jing;WANG Ying;WANG Lei;LUAN Chen;SUN Zhao-bin(Heilongjiang Meteorological Service Center,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Meteorological Observatory,Harbin 150030,China;Institute of Urban Meteorology,Beijing 100089,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象服务中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省气象台,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]北京城市气象研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《气象与环境学报》2022年第6期81-88,共8页Journal of Meteorology and Environment

基　　金：黑龙江省气象局科研项目(HQZC2020009)资助。

摘　　要：利用2014—2017年哈尔滨市常规气象资料、大气污染物浓度监测资料、气象再分析资料(ECMWF和NCEP),对比分析哈尔滨地区供暖前和供暖期PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO、SO_(2)和NO_(2)这5种主要大气污染物的时间序列和日变化特征,并结合气象资料分析污染成因。结果表明:供暖期,5种主要大气污染物浓度明显升高,且维持在较高水平。从日平均浓度变化看,SO_(2)浓度受供暖影响最大。PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO和NO_(2)在11月上旬均出现峰值或较大值,PM_(2.5)与PM_(10)变化趋势一致,同源性较高。从日变化时次分布来看,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、NO_(2)、SO_(2)、CO均呈双峰分布,各大气污染物变化规律不完全一致。供暖期燃煤释放的大气污染物与不利于污染扩散的天气条件共同导致哈尔滨地区空气污染加重,在秸秆焚烧和供暖排放叠加期间,秸秆焚烧严重影响空气质量,其对PM_(2.5)浓度估算贡献率可达69.4%。Using conventional meteorological data,air pollutant concentration monitoring data,and meteorological reanalysis data(The European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF,and National Centers for Environmental Prediction,NCEP)in Harbin from 2014 to 2017,we compared the evolution and diurnal variation of five criteria air pollutants(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),CO,SO_(2),and NO_(2))before and after the winter heating period from 2014 to 2017,and analyzed the causes of air pollution in combination with meteorological data.The results indicated that during the heating period,the concentration of five criteria air pollutants increase significantly and remain at a relatively high level.The daily mean SO_(2) concentration is mostly affected by heating among all the five air pollutants.Concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),CO,and NO_(2) all have peak values or larger values in early November.PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) vary consistently with each other,exhibiting high homology.In terms of diurnal variation,PM_(2.5),PM_(10),NO_(2),SO_(2),and CO all exhibit bimodal distributions,but their variations are not completely consistent.Air pollutants released by coal burning during the heating period and the meteorological conditions that are not conducive to pollutants′diffusion lead to the aggravation of air pollution in Harbin.During the overlapping period of straw burning and heating emissions,straw burning seriously affects air quality,which can contribute to 69.4%of PM_(2.5) concentration.

关 键 词：大气污染 供暖 秸秆焚烧 气象条件 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]