336例早产儿新生儿期疾病谱调查  

Investigation on neonatal disease spectrum of 336 premature infants

作　　者：任瑞华 罗沙沙 钟小明[2,3] REN Rui-hua;LUO Sha-sha;ZHONG Xiao-ming(Postgraduate students of Grade 2020,Gannan Medical University;Pediatrics Department,The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University;Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy Drugs for Children's Leukemia,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000)

机构地区：[1]赣南医学院 [2]赣南医学院第一附属医院儿科 [3]赣州市儿童白血病肿瘤免疫治疗药物研发重点实验室,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《赣南医学院学报》2022年第11期1183-1186,共4页JOURNAL OF GANNAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

摘　　要：目的:调查研究早产儿新生儿期疾病谱,为基层NICU早产儿监护提供指导。方法:对2019年9月至2020年10月赣南医学院第一附属医院收治的336例早产儿资料进行回顾性分析,调查各组早产儿疾病发病情况。结果:极早产儿中呼吸窘迫综合征(Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome,NRDS)(92.16%)最常见,其次为新生儿黄疸(86.27%)及新生儿肺炎(80.39%);中期早产儿中新生儿黄疸(94.64%)最常见,其次为NRDS(75.00%)及新生儿肺炎(71.43%);晚期早产儿中新生儿黄疸(93.01%)最常见,其次为新生儿肺炎(58.95%)和心肌损害(51.09%)。不同胎龄早产儿在NRDS、新生儿肺炎、新生儿贫血、低蛋白血症、新生儿低血糖、消化道疾病、电解质紊乱的发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但新生儿黄疸、小于胎龄儿、心肌损害、卵圆孔未闭、颅内出血、缺血缺氧性脑病(Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)的发生率各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胎次、常住地在各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中极早产儿多胎妊娠的发生率高于晚期早产儿,极早产儿常住地(市区)的发生率低于中期早产儿和晚期早产儿。结论:各期早产儿疾病谱存在明显差异,各期早产儿防治重点应不同。Objective:To investigate and study the disease spectrum of premature infants in neonatal period to provide guidance for the supervision of premature infants for NICU in grassroots medical units.Methods:A total of 336 premature infants admitted in our hospital from September 2019 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.The morbidity of premature infants in each group was investigated.Results:Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)(92.16%)was the most common in very early premature infants,followed by neonatal jaundice(86.27%)and neonatal pneumonia(80.39%).Neonatal jaundice(94.64%)was the most common in mid-term preterm infants,followed by NRDS(75.00%)and neonatal pneumonia(71.43%).Neonatal jaundice(93.01%)was the most common in late preterm infants,followed by neonatal pneumonia(58.95%)and myocardial damage(51.09%).There were statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the incidence of NRDS,neonatal pneumonia,neonatal anemia,hypoproteinemia,neonatal hypoglycemia,digestive tract diseases and electrolyte disorders among premature infants of different gestational ages.There were no significant differences(P>0.05)among the rates of neonatal jaundice,underweight infants,myocardial impairment,patent foramen ovale,intracranial hemorrhage,and neonatal ischemic and hypoxic encephalopathy.Urban differences in multiple pregnancy or residence among the groups(P<0.05),with statistical significance.The incidence of multiple pregnancy in extremely premature infants was higher than that of the late premature infants;the incidence in the permanent residence(urban area)of extremely premature infants was lower than those of the min-term preterm infants and late preterm infants.Conclusion:There were significant differences in disease spectrum of premature infants at different stages,and the prevention and treatment of premature infants at different stages should be different.

关 键 词：早产儿 疾病谱 新生儿期 

分 类 号：R722.6[医药卫生—儿科]